After a usual meal, a 57-year-old woman with normal hemostasis experienced a hematoemesis. She was then diagnosed endoscopically as having an intramural hematoma of the esophagus, which ranged from 18 cm to 24 cm from the incisors. The hematoma is considered to have developed not "spontaneously" but as a result of direct abrasive trauma by foodstuffs. The authors think it appropriate to use the term "spontaneous" only when the development of hematoma is unrelated to emetogenic events, impaired hemostasis, and food-induced injury.