The purpose of this study is to assess the profile of blood pressure and body mass index of children and adolescents in a rural area in Africa. It is a prospective study concerning a sample of 465 children and adolescents in the district of Thiadiaye (Senegal). The ration boys/girls was 1.02. Blood pressure was higher in girls. The prevalence of hypertension was 5.1% for the children and 1.5% for adolescents. There was no significative variation in body mass index for children whereas we were noted an augmentation with age in adolescence. The parameters of corpulence are higher in girls in adolescence. The prevalence of obesity was 3% in children and 2.4% for adolescents. There was no correlation between blood pressure and body mass index. This study show many particularities in rural area as for as blood pressure and body mas index of children and adolescent are concerned.