Strong acoustic pressure was applied to submitochondrial particles (SMP) from bovine heart in order to drive ATP synthesis by F1-F0 complex for the account of sound waves. We observed a net ATP production at two narrow frequency ranges, about 170 Hz and about 340 Hz, that corresponds to the resonance oscillations of experimental cuvette when the acoustic pressure had a magnitude of 100 kPa. The results can be explained quantitatively by contractive conformational changes of F1-F0 complex during catalytic turnover. Negative staining electron microscopy of SMP preparations was used to visualize the ADP(Mg2+)-induced conformational changes of F1-F0 complex. In the particles with high ATPase activity in the presence of phosphate the factors F1 and F0 formed a congregated domain plunged into the membrane without any observable stalk in between. The presence of ADP(Mg2+) caused a structural rearrangement of F1-F0 to the essentially different conformation: the domains F1 and F0 were dislodged distinctly from each other and connected by a long thin stalk. The latter conformation resembled well the usual bipartite profile of ATPase. The data indicate that besides rotation, the catalytic turnover of ATP synthase is also accompanied by stretch transitions of F1-F0 complex.