Assertive, offensive, protective, and defensive styles of self-presentation: a taxonomy

J Psychol. 1998 Nov;132(6):611-28. doi: 10.1080/00223989809599293.

Abstract

Classifications of self-presentational behavior are reviewed for differences and similarities. Earlier classifications and recent empirical research are used as a basis for a taxonomy of four styles of self-presentation--assertive, offensive, protective, and defensive--according to the relevant self-presentational intentions and the level of activity involved. Each style is illustrated with typical behavioral examples, together with individual differences and possible consequences.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Assertiveness*
  • Defense Mechanisms*
  • Dominance-Subordination*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Interpersonal Relations*
  • Male
  • Personality Assessment*
  • Self Concept