A two-step, two-signal model for the primary activation of precursor helper T cells

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Jan 5;96(1):185-90. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.1.185.

Abstract

I present here a new model for the primary activation of precursor helper T cells. Observations demonstrate that the immune system learns not to respond to extrathymic, organ-specific self-antigens because of their early appearance in development. The immune system thus discriminates between peripheral self-antigens and foreign antigens and, when mature, usually makes an immune response against only the latter. Contemporary models for the activation and inactivation of T helper (Th) function do not account for such discrimination. The model proposed here is consistent with contemporary findings and incorporates a mechanism of peripheral self-nonself discrimination.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antigen Presentation
  • Epitopes
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class II
  • Immune Tolerance*
  • Lymphocyte Activation*
  • Models, Immunological*
  • Signal Transduction
  • T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / immunology*
  • Th1 Cells / immunology
  • Th2 Cells / immunology

Substances

  • Epitopes
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class II