Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) exists in two isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, COX-1 is present and is constitutively expressed in most cells and tissues, whereas COX-2 is felt to principally mediate inflammation. However, this distinction appears to be challenged by recent observations. This review addresses the roles of COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms in physiologic and pathophysiologic states and reviews potential therapeutic roles for selective COX inhibitors.
MeSH terms
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Adenocarcinoma / chemistry
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Adenoma / chemistry
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Blood Platelets / physiology
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Colorectal Neoplasms / chemistry
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Cyclooxygenase 1
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Cyclooxygenase 2
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Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors
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Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / metabolism*
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Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
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Digestive System Physiological Phenomena
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Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
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Humans
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Inflammation / metabolism
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Isoenzymes / physiology*
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Kidney / physiology
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Membrane Proteins
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Models, Biological
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Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / physiology*
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Prostaglandins / metabolism
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Protein Isoforms / physiology
Substances
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Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors
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Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
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Isoenzymes
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Membrane Proteins
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Prostaglandins
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Protein Isoforms
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Cyclooxygenase 1
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Cyclooxygenase 2
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PTGS1 protein, human
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PTGS2 protein, human
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Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases