Data regarding rates of vaccination among children and pregnant women show that there has been a decrease in the number of vaccinations being administered in these vulnerable populations. Surveys of parents elicit a wide variety of concerns and fears driving vaccine refusal, many of which have been refuted by research. It has been demonstrated that healthcare providers are a major source of information for patients who have questions about vaccinations. Given the established vital role of vaccinations in preventing the spread of diseases with serious morbidity and mortality profiles, it is important that healthcare providers understand and feel comfortable discussing the principles of vaccination, the recommended vaccine schedules, and the effects of vaccinations. This article provides an overview of vaccination principles, reviews the potential health and financial costs of nonvaccination, and addresses a number of common concerns cited by parents and pregnant women who are considering vaccine abstention or alternate vaccination scheduling. The information in this article will enable healthcare providers to accurately counsel patients about vaccination choices.