More than a decade has elapsed since the earliest reports about the relevant influence of vascular invasion on the outcome of patients with completely resected NSCLC at stage IApT1N0M0,but just after the approved seventh edition of TNM Classification 2009 for non-small cell lung cancer the importance concerning these issues has been put in its true perspective as correlated also to therapeutic features. The main evidences emerged with regard to studies published during the last ten years are reviewed. On the basis of these evidences a new "scenario" has dawned: the adjuvant chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer patients Stage IA with poor prognostic factor vessel invasion should be reconsidered as recommended or at least not-contraindicated.