Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation

Search Page

Filters

My NCBI Filters

Results by year

Table representation of search results timeline featuring number of search results per year.

Year Number of Results
1987 1
1990 1
1998 2
2000 10
2001 13
2002 37
2003 40
2004 67
2005 66
2006 67
2007 51
2008 53
2009 49
2010 63
2011 53
2012 61
2013 78
2014 74
2015 79
2016 79
2017 83
2018 59
2019 57
2020 66
2021 61
2022 39
2023 21

Text availability

Article attribute

Article type

Publication date

Search Results

1,197 results

Results by year

Filters applied: . Clear all
Page 1
The Hygiene Hypothesis - Learning From but Not Living in the Past.
Pfefferle PI, Keber CU, Cohen RM, Garn H. Pfefferle PI, et al. Front Immunol. 2021 Mar 16;12:635935. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635935. eCollection 2021. Front Immunol. 2021. PMID: 33796103 Free PMC article. Review.
Postulated by Strachan more than 30 years ago, the Hygiene Hypothesis has undergone many revisions and adaptations. This review journeys back to the beginnings of the Hygiene Hypothesis and describes the most important landmarks in its development cons …
Postulated by Strachan more than 30 years ago, the Hygiene Hypothesis has undergone many revisions and adaptations. This revie …
The Hygiene Hypothesis in the Age of the Microbiome.
Ege MJ. Ege MJ. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017 Nov;14(Supplement_5):S348-S353. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201702-139AW. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017. PMID: 29161087 Review.
The original version of the hygiene hypothesis suggested that infections transmitted early in life by "unhygienic contact" prevented allergies. ...Later, this concept also included microorganisms beyond pathogens, such as commensals and symbionts, and the hygiene
The original version of the hygiene hypothesis suggested that infections transmitted early in life by "unhygienic contact" pre …
The hygiene hypothesis in autoimmunity: the role of pathogens and commensals.
Bach JF. Bach JF. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018 Feb;18(2):105-120. doi: 10.1038/nri.2017.111. Epub 2017 Oct 16. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018. PMID: 29034905 Review.
Concomitantly, the incidence of most infectious diseases has declined. This observation gave rise to the hygiene hypothesis, which postulates that a reduction in the frequency of infections contributes directly to the increase in the frequency of autoimmune and alle …
Concomitantly, the incidence of most infectious diseases has declined. This observation gave rise to the hygiene hypothesis, w …
Hygiene Hypothesis: Is the Evidence the Same All Over the World?
Leong RW, Mitrev N, Ko Y. Leong RW, et al. Dig Dis. 2016;34(1-2):35-42. doi: 10.1159/000442922. Epub 2016 Mar 16. Dig Dis. 2016. PMID: 26982573 Review.
BACKGROUND: The hygiene hypothesis refers to where modern living conditions are responsible for the increasing incidences of immune-related diseases including the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). ...KEY MESSAGES: The rising incidence of IBD is well …
BACKGROUND: The hygiene hypothesis refers to where modern living conditions are responsible for the increasing incidences of i …
The immunology of the allergy epidemic and the hygiene hypothesis.
Lambrecht BN, Hammad H. Lambrecht BN, et al. Nat Immunol. 2017 Sep 19;18(10):1076-1083. doi: 10.1038/ni.3829. Nat Immunol. 2017. PMID: 28926539 Review.
The immunology of the hygiene hypothesis of allergy is complex and involves the loss of cellular and humoral immunoregulatory pathways as a result of the adoption of a Western lifestyle and the disappearance of chronic infectious diseases. ...
The immunology of the hygiene hypothesis of allergy is complex and involves the loss of cellular and humoral immunoregulatory …
The Hygiene Hypothesis and New Perspectives-Current Challenges Meeting an Old Postulate.
Garn H, Potaczek DP, Pfefferle PI. Garn H, et al. Front Immunol. 2021 Mar 18;12:637087. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637087. eCollection 2021. Front Immunol. 2021. PMID: 33815389 Free PMC article. Review.
During its 30 years history, the Hygiene Hypothesis has shown itself to be adaptable whenever it has been challenged by new scientific developments and this is a still a continuously ongoing process. ...Further, we discuss in brief the expansion of the Hygiene
During its 30 years history, the Hygiene Hypothesis has shown itself to be adaptable whenever it has been challenged by new sc …
The hygiene hypothesis, the COVID pandemic, and consequences for the human microbiome.
Finlay BB, Amato KR, Azad M, Blaser MJ, Bosch TCG, Chu H, Dominguez-Bello MG, Ehrlich SD, Elinav E, Geva-Zatorsky N, Gros P, Guillemin K, Keck F, Korem T, McFall-Ngai MJ, Melby MK, Nichter M, Pettersson S, Poinar H, Rees T, Tropini C, Zhao L, Giles-Vernick T. Finlay BB, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Feb 9;118(6):e2010217118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2010217118. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021. PMID: 33472859 Free PMC article.
This pandemic intersects with a decades-long decline in microbial diversity and ancestral microbes due to hygiene, antibiotics, and urban living (the hygiene hypothesis). High-risk groups succumbing to COVID-19 include those with preexisting conditions, such …
This pandemic intersects with a decades-long decline in microbial diversity and ancestral microbes due to hygiene, antibiotics, and u …
A biodiversity hypothesis.
Haahtela T. Haahtela T. Allergy. 2019 Aug;74(8):1445-1456. doi: 10.1111/all.13763. Epub 2019 Apr 4. Allergy. 2019. PMID: 30835837 Review.
Biodiversity hypothesis states that contact with natural environments enriches the human microbiome, promotes immune balance and protects from allergy and inflammatory disorders. ...The rapidly urbanizing world is facing serious biodiversity loss with global warming, which …
Biodiversity hypothesis states that contact with natural environments enriches the human microbiome, promotes immune balance and prot …
Revisiting the Hygiene Hypothesis in the Context of Autoimmunity.
Bach JF. Bach JF. Front Immunol. 2021 Jan 28;11:615192. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.615192. eCollection 2020. Front Immunol. 2021. PMID: 33584703 Free PMC article. Review.
Initially described for allergic diseases, the hygiene hypothesis was extended to autoimmune diseases in the early 2000s. ...The role of the intestinal microbiota has elicited much interest, but is it a cause or a consequence of autoimmune-mediated inflammation? Our …
Initially described for allergic diseases, the hygiene hypothesis was extended to autoimmune diseases in the early 2000s. ...T …
Does the hygiene hypothesis apply to COVID-19 susceptibility?
Sehrawat S, Rouse BT. Sehrawat S, et al. Microbes Infect. 2020 Oct;22(9):400-402. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.07.002. Epub 2020 Jul 9. Microbes Infect. 2020. PMID: 32653475 Free PMC article.
In this commentary we argue that the hygiene hypothesis may apply to COVID-19 susceptibility and also that residence in low hygienic conditions acts to train innate immune defenses to minimize the severity of infection. ...
In this commentary we argue that the hygiene hypothesis may apply to COVID-19 susceptibility and also that residence in low hy …
1,197 results