Vascular injuries and complications in anterior lumbar interbody fusion: an up-to-date review.
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PMID: 40291939
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Preoperative 3D CT angiography is paramount and a gold standard, as it illustrates the anatomic variations of the iliolumbar vein, the aorta, and the vena cava bifurcation, providing the surgeon with valuable information regarding operative trajectories. ...
Preoperative 3D CT angiography is paramount and a gold standard, as it illustrates the anatomic variations of the iliolumbar vein …