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Table representation of search results timeline featuring number of search results per year.

Year Number of Results
1800 1
1801 2
1912 1
1914 1
1917 1
1924 1
1926 2
1929 1
1933 2
1938 1
1940 1
1946 1
1947 2
1948 1
1949 3
1950 7
1951 6
1952 2
1953 5
1954 7
1955 12
1956 8
1957 2
1958 10
1959 10
1960 7
1961 4
1962 9
1963 3
1964 15
1965 10
1966 17
1967 25
1968 33
1969 32
1970 57
1971 80
1972 125
1973 176
1974 153
1975 230
1976 286
1977 315
1978 345
1979 465
1980 591
1981 655
1982 882
1983 974
1984 915
1985 867
1986 931
1987 860
1988 797
1989 821
1990 852
1991 759
1992 784
1993 818
1994 825
1995 818
1996 824
1997 863
1998 869
1999 844
2000 929
2001 923
2002 890
2003 944
2004 935
2005 1083
2006 1158
2007 1074
2008 1176
2009 1159
2010 1215
2011 1261
2012 1300
2013 1435
2014 1465
2015 1506
2016 1439
2017 1539
2018 1694
2019 1946
2020 2173
2021 2288
2022 907
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45,575 results
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Page 1
The United States opioid epidemic.
Lyden J, Binswanger IA. Lyden J, et al. Semin Perinatol. 2019 Apr;43(3):123-131. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2019.01.001. Epub 2019 Jan 14. Semin Perinatol. 2019. PMID: 30711195 Free PMC article. Review.
The United States opioid epidemic is a nationwide public health crisis. Initially driven by increased consumption and availability of pharmaceutical opioids, an increasing number of opioid overdoses are now related to heroin and illicitly manufactured fentany …
The United States opioid epidemic is a nationwide public health crisis. Initially driven by increased consumption and availability of …
Opioid receptors.
Waldhoer M, Bartlett SE, Whistler JL. Waldhoer M, et al. Annu Rev Biochem. 2004;73:953-90. doi: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.73.011303.073940. Annu Rev Biochem. 2004. PMID: 15189164 Review.
They are activated both by endogenously produced opioid peptides and by exogenously administered opiate compounds, some of which are not only among the most effective analgesics known but also highly addictive drugs of abuse. A fundamental question in addiction biol …
They are activated both by endogenously produced opioid peptides and by exogenously administered opiate compounds, some of whi …
Respiratory depression and brain hypoxia induced by opioid drugs: Morphine, oxycodone, heroin, and fentanyl.
Kiyatkin EA. Kiyatkin EA. Neuropharmacology. 2019 Jun;151:219-226. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.008. Epub 2019 Feb 5. Neuropharmacology. 2019. PMID: 30735692 Free PMC article. Review.
Opioid drugs are important tools to alleviate pain of different origins, but they have strong addictive potential and their abuse at higher doses often results in serious health complications. ...The goal of this review paper is to consider changes in brain oxygen levels i …
Opioid drugs are important tools to alleviate pain of different origins, but they have strong addictive potential and their abuse at …
Fentanyl depression of respiration: Comparison with heroin and morphine.
Hill R, Santhakumar R, Dewey W, Kelly E, Henderson G. Hill R, et al. Br J Pharmacol. 2020 Jan;177(2):254-266. doi: 10.1111/bph.14860. Epub 2019 Dec 23. Br J Pharmacol. 2020. PMID: 31499594 Free PMC article.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Fentanyl overdose deaths have reached "epidemic" levels in North America. Death in opioid overdose invariably results from respiratory depression. In the present work, we have characterized how fentanyl depresses respiration, and by comparing fentan …
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Fentanyl overdose deaths have reached "epidemic" levels in North America. Death in opioid overdose invariably …
Maintenance medication for opiate addiction: the foundation of recovery.
Bart G. Bart G. J Addict Dis. 2012;31(3):207-25. doi: 10.1080/10550887.2012.694598. J Addict Dis. 2012. PMID: 22873183 Free PMC article. Review.
This article provides a topical review of the three medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration for long-term treatment of opiate dependence: the opioid-agonist methadone, the partial opioid-agonist buprenorphine, and the opioid-antagonist …
This article provides a topical review of the three medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration for long-term treatment of o …
Cannabinoid and opioid interactions: implications for opiate dependence and withdrawal.
Scavone JL, Sterling RC, Van Bockstaele EJ. Scavone JL, et al. Neuroscience. 2013 Sep 17;248:637-54. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.04.034. Epub 2013 Apr 24. Neuroscience. 2013. PMID: 23624062 Free PMC article. Review.
High rates of relapse and limited treatment success rates for opiate addiction have prompted a search for new approaches. For many opiate addicts, achieving abstinence may be further complicated by poly-drug use and co-morbid mental disorders. ...In summary, the pre …
High rates of relapse and limited treatment success rates for opiate addiction have prompted a search for new approaches. For many …
Opioid Misuse Among American Indian Adolescents.
Stanley LR, Crabtree MA, Swaim RC. Stanley LR, et al. Am J Public Health. 2021 Mar;111(3):471-474. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2020.306039. Epub 2021 Jan 21. Am J Public Health. 2021. PMID: 33476235 Free PMC article.
Measures included 12-month and 30-day use of OxyContin, Vicodin, heroin, and narcotics. We computed prevalence and compared it with MTF national prevalence.Results. Across grades, AI youths demonstrated significantly greater past 12-month and 30-day opioid use relat …
Measures included 12-month and 30-day use of OxyContin, Vicodin, heroin, and narcotics. We computed prevalence and compared it with M …
Editorial: Prescription for Addiction.
Riggs P. Riggs P. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2019 Jul;58(7):659-660. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.03.030. Epub 2019 Apr 17. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2019. PMID: 31002865
About 70% started using in the past year, and about half report nonmedical use of prescription opioid medications. Misuse of prescription opioid medication is associated with 19 times greater risk of transitioning to heroin compared to no misuse.(2) Although …
About 70% started using in the past year, and about half report nonmedical use of prescription opioid medications. Misuse of prescrip …
Effectiveness and selectivity of a heroin conjugate vaccine to attenuate heroin, 6-acetylmorphine, and morphine antinociception in rats: Comparison with naltrexone.
Schwienteck KL, Blake S, Bremer PT, Poklis JL, Townsend EA, Negus SS, Banks ML. Schwienteck KL, et al. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019 Nov 1;204:107501. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.006. Epub 2019 Aug 24. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019. PMID: 31479865 Free PMC article.
BACKGROUND: One emerging strategy to address the opioid crisis includes opioid-targeted immunopharmacotherapies. This study compared effectiveness of a heroin-tetanus toxoid (TT) conjugate vaccine to antagonize heroin, 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM), morphine …
BACKGROUND: One emerging strategy to address the opioid crisis includes opioid-targeted immunopharmacotherapies. This study co …
Opioid Dose- and Route-Dependent Efficacy of Oxycodone and Heroin Vaccines in Rats.
Raleigh MD, Laudenbach M, Baruffaldi F, Peterson SJ, Roslawski MJ, Birnbaum AK, Carroll FI, Runyon SP, Winston S, Pentel PR, Pravetoni M. Raleigh MD, et al. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2018 May;365(2):346-353. doi: 10.1124/jpet.117.247049. Epub 2018 Mar 13. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2018. PMID: 29535156 Free PMC article.
Rats immunized with M-KLH or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) control received an intravenous bolus dose of 0.26 or 2.6 mg/kg heroin. Vaccination with M-KLH increased retention of heroin and its active metabolites 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM) and morphine in plasma compar …
Rats immunized with M-KLH or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) control received an intravenous bolus dose of 0.26 or 2.6 mg/kg heroin. …
45,575 results
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