Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation

Search Page

Filters

My Custom Filters

Edit custom filters

Results by year

Table representation of search results timeline featuring number of search results per year.

Year Number of Results
2017 3
2018 2
2019 2
2020 9
2021 8
2022 3
2023 6
2024 6
2025 5
2026 6

Publication date

Text availability

Article attribute

Article type

Additional filters

Article Language

Species

Sex

Age

Other

Search Results

45 results

Results by year

Filters applied: . Clear all
Page 1
Adaptive current tDCS up to 4 mA.
Khadka N, Borges H, Paneri B, Kaufman T, Nassis E, Zannou AL, Shin Y, Choi H, Kim S, Lee K, Bikson M. Khadka N, et al. Brain Stimul. 2020 Jan-Feb;13(1):69-79. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.07.027. Epub 2019 Aug 5. Brain Stimul. 2020. PMID: 31427272 Free PMC article.
OBJECTIVE: We designed and validated electrodes and an adaptive controller to provide tDCS up to 4 mA, while managing tolerability. The adaptive 4 mA controller included incremental ramp up, impedance-based current limits, and a Relax-mod …
OBJECTIVE: We designed and validated electrodes and an adaptive controller to provide tDCS up to 4 mA, while managing t …
Safety and efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation in addition to constraint-induced movement therapy for post-stroke motor recovery (TRANSPORT2): a phase 2, multicentre, randomised, sham-controlled triple-blind trial.
Schlaug G, Cassarly C, Feld JA, Wolf SL, Rowe VT, Fritz S, Chhatbar PY, Shinde A, Su Z, Broderick JP, Zorowitz R, Awosika O, Edwards D, Lin C, Franciso GE, Wittenberg GF, Pundik S, Gregory C, Borich MR, Ramakrishnan V, Feng W. Schlaug G, et al. Lancet Neurol. 2025 May;24(5):400-412. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(25)00044-4. Epub 2025 Mar 26. Lancet Neurol. 2025. PMID: 40157380 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
BACKGROUND: Motor impairments contribute substantially to long-term disability following stroke. Studies of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), combined with various rehabilitation therapies, have shown promising results in reducing …
BACKGROUND: Motor impairments contribute substantially to long-term disability following stroke. Studies of transcranial direct …
The Tolerability and Efficacy of 4 mA Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Leg Muscle Fatigability.
Workman CD, Kamholz J, Rudroff T. Workman CD, et al. Brain Sci. 2019 Dec 23;10(1):12. doi: 10.3390/brainsci10010012. Brain Sci. 2019. PMID: 31878058 Free PMC article.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates cortical excitability and affects a variety of outcomes. tDCS at intensities 2 mA is well-tolerated, but the tolerability and efficacy of tDCS at intensities >2 mA merits …
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates cortical excitability and affects a variety of o …
Low intensity transcranial electric stimulation: Safety, ethical, legal regulatory and application guidelines (2017-2025: An update) - endorsed by the European Society for Brain Stimulation (ESBS) and by the International Federation for Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN).
Antal A, Bjekić J, Ganho-Ávila A, Alekseichuk I, Assecondi S, Bergmann TO, Bikson M, Brunelin J, Brunoni AR, Charvet L, Chen R, Cohen Kadosh R, Diedrich L, D'Urso G, Ferrucci R, Filipović SR, Fitzgerald PB, Flöel A, Fröhlich F, George MS, Hamilton RH, Haueisen J, Hallett M, Herrmann CS, Hummel FC, Jaberzadeh S, Langguth B, Lavidor M, Lefaucheur JP, Miniussi C, Moliadze V, Nikander M, Nikolin S, Nitsche MA, Opitz A, O'Shea J, Padberg F, Plewnia C, Priori A, Ramasawmy P, Razza LB, Rossi S, Rothwell J, Rueger MA, Ruffini G, Sack AT, Salvador R, Schellhorn K, Schuhmann T, Shirota Y, Siebner HR, Thielscher A, Ugawa Y, Uusitalo S, Wexler A, Paulus W, Vanderhasselt MA, Van Waes V, Wessel MJ, Wischnewski M, Baeken C, Ziemann U. Antal A, et al. Clin Neurophysiol. 2026 Apr;184:2111436. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111436. Epub 2025 Nov 23. Clin Neurophysiol. 2026. PMID: 41622107 Free PMC article. Review.
This guideline summarizes updated safety data (2017-2025) and provides expert recommendations on the use of low intensity transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) in humans. tES encompasses several techniques including transcranial direct current …
This guideline summarizes updated safety data (2017-2025) and provides expert recommendations on the use of low intensity transcranial …
Tolerability and blinding of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation among older adults at intensities of up to 4 mA per electrode.
El Jamal C, Harrie A, Rahman-Filipiak A, Iordan AD, DaSilva AF, Ploutz-Snyder R, Khadr L, Vesia M, Bikson M, Hampstead BM. El Jamal C, et al. Brain Stimul. 2023 Sep-Oct;16(5):1328-1335. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.08.025. Epub 2023 Sep 1. Brain Stimul. 2023. PMID: 37660936 Free PMC article.
BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated tolerability, blinding, and double-blinding of High-Definition transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS) at amplitudes above 2 milliamps (mA). OBJECTIVE: We examined a) tolerability of HD-tDCS …
BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated tolerability, blinding, and double-blinding of High-Definition transcranial Direct …
Women report more severe sensations from 2 mA and 4 mA transcranial direct current stimulation than men.
Workman CD, Fietsam AC, Kamholz J, Rudroff T. Workman CD, et al. Eur J Neurosci. 2021 Apr;53(8):2696-2702. doi: 10.1111/ejn.15070. Epub 2020 Dec 7. Eur J Neurosci. 2021. PMID: 33259084
Interest in transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to alter cortical excitability, facilitate neural plasticity, and improve performance is increasing. ...Women reported higher sensation severities than men from 2 mA and 4 mA …
Interest in transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to alter cortical excitability, facilitate neu …
Different Effects of 2 mA and 4 mA Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Muscle Activity and Torque in a Maximal Isokinetic Fatigue Task.
Workman CD, Fietsam AC, Rudroff T. Workman CD, et al. Front Hum Neurosci. 2020 Jun 25;14:240. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00240. eCollection 2020. Front Hum Neurosci. 2020. PMID: 32714170 Free PMC article.
Studies investigating the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on fatigue and muscle activity have elicited measurable improvements using stimulation intensities 2 mA and submaximal effort tasks. ...Also, torque prod …
Studies investigating the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on fatigue and muscle …
Increased leg muscle fatigability during 2 mA and 4 mA transcranial direct current stimulation over the left motor cortex.
Workman CD, Kamholz J, Rudroff T. Workman CD, et al. Exp Brain Res. 2020 Feb;238(2):333-343. doi: 10.1007/s00221-019-05721-w. Epub 2020 Jan 9. Exp Brain Res. 2020. PMID: 31919540 Clinical Trial.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) using intensities 2 mA on physical and cognitive outcomes has been extensively investigated. ...Sixteen healthy young adults underwent tDCS at three randomly ordered intensities (sham, 2 …
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) using intensities 2 mA on physical and cognitive outcome …
45 results