Effects of copy number variations on brain structure and risk for psychiatric illness: Large-scale studies from the ENIGMA working groups on CNVs

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
• ² Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
• ³ KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
• ⁴ Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA.
• ⁵ School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
• ⁶ Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
• ⁷ Department of Mental Health, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA.
• ⁸ NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
• ⁹ Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
• ¹⁰ Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ¹¹ Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
• ¹² Cecile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
• ¹³ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, IsSGM, Universidad Complutense, School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.
• ¹⁴ Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
• ¹⁵ Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
• ¹⁶ Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.
• ¹⁷ Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁸ Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁹ Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ²⁰ Dalglish Family 22q Clinic for Adults with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ²¹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ²² Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• ²³ Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• ²⁴ Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ²⁵ Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ²⁶ Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
• ²⁷ Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
• ²⁸ Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
• ²⁹ Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
• ³⁰ Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
• ³¹ Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, The Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom.
• ³² HU Virgen del Rocio, IBIS, Universidad de Sevilla, CIBERSAM, Sevilla, Spain.
• ³³ MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
• ³⁴ Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
• ³⁵ Department Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
• ³⁶ Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
• ³⁷ Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
• ³⁸ NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
• ³⁹ Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff, United Kingdom.
• ⁴⁰ Center for Neuroimaging, Genetics and Genomics, School of Psychology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.
• ⁴¹ LREN, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University Hospital Lausanne and University Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
• ⁴² Neurology Department, Max-Planck Institute for Human Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
• ⁴³ MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
• ⁴⁴ Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
• ⁴⁵ Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
• ⁴⁶ Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
• ⁴⁷ Department of Psychology, Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway.
• ⁴⁸ Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
• ⁴⁹ Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
• ⁵⁰ Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ⁵¹ Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ⁵² Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ⁵³ Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ⁵⁴ German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ⁵⁵ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ⁵⁶ Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
• ⁵⁷ Youth Suicide Prevention, Intervention and Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
• ⁵⁸ Medical Imaging Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
• ⁵⁹ Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
• ⁶⁰ Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
• ⁶¹ Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
• ⁶² Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
• ⁶³ Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
• ⁶⁴ Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
• ⁶⁵ Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
• ⁶⁶ Personalized Healthcare Analytics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA.
• ⁶⁷ Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
• ⁶⁸ Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
• ⁶⁹ Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
• ⁷⁰ Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
• ⁷¹ Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ⁷² Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
• ⁷³ School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
• ⁷⁴ Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
• ⁷⁵ Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
• ⁷⁶ Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
• ⁷⁷ Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
• ⁷⁸ Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
• ⁷⁹ Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
• ⁸⁰ Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
• ⁸¹ Division of Human Genetics and 22q and You Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
• ⁸² Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
• ⁸³ Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
• ⁸⁴ Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
• ⁸⁵ University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
• ⁸⁶ Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
• ⁸⁷ Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
• ⁸⁸ Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
• ⁸⁹ Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁹⁰ Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁹¹ Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁹² Bioinformatics Service, Nucleus, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
• ⁹³ Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
• ⁹⁴ Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
• ⁹⁵ Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
• ⁹⁶ Center for Genetics and Genomics, Facultad de Medicina, Clinica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
• ⁹⁷ Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
• ⁹⁸ Service de Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
• ⁹⁹ Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
• ¹⁰⁰ Department of Radiology and Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
• ¹⁰¹ School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
• ¹⁰² School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁰³ Population Genomics, deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
• ¹⁰⁴ SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
• ¹⁰⁵ PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
• ¹⁰⁶ Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.
• ¹⁰⁷ Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
• ¹⁰⁸ Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
• ¹⁰⁹ School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
• ¹¹⁰ Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
• ¹¹¹ Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
• ¹¹² NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
• ¹¹³ Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
• ¹¹⁴ Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.