Cortical and Subcortical Brain Alterations in Specific Phobia and Its Animal and Blood-Injection-Injury Subtypes: A Mega-Analysis From the ENIGMA Anxiety Working Group.
Hilbert K, Boeken OJ, Langhammer T, Groenewold NA, Bas-Hoogendam JM, Aghajani M, Zugman A, Åhs F, Arolt V, Beesdo-Baum K, Björkstrand J, Blackford JU, Blanco-Hinojo L, Böhnlein J, Bülow R, Cano M, Cardoner N, Caseras X, Dannlowski U, Domschke K, Fehm L, Feola B, Fredrikson M, Goossens L, Grabe HJ, Grotegerd D, Gur RE, Hamm AO, Harrewijn A, Heinig I, Herrmann MJ, Hofmann D, Jackowski AP, Jansen A, Kaczkurkin AN, Kindt M, Kingsley EN, Kircher T, Klahn AL, Koelkebeck K, Krug A, Kugel H, Larsen B, Leehr EJ, Leonhardt L, Lotze M, Margraf J, Michałowski J, Muehlhan M, Nenadić I, Pan PM, Pauli P, Peñate W, Pittig A, Plag J, Pujol J, Richter J, Rivero FL, Salum GA, Satterthwaite TD, Schäfer A, Schäfer J, Schienle A, Schneider S, Schrammen E, Schruers K, Schulz SM, Seidl E, Stark RM, Stein F, Straube B, Straube T, Ströhle A, Suchan B, Thomopoulos SI, Ventura-Bort C, Visser R, Völzke H, Wabnegger A, Wannemüller A, Wendt J, Wiemer J, Wittchen HU, Wittfeld K, Wright B, Yang Y, Zilverstand A, Zwanzger P, Veltman DJ, Winkler AM, Pine DS, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Stein DJ, Van der Wee NJA, Lueken U.
Hilbert K, et al.
Am J Psychiatry. 2024 Aug 1;181(8):728-740. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20230032. Epub 2024 Jun 11.
Am J Psychiatry. 2024.
PMID: 38859702
Free PMC article.
All findings were driven by adult participants; no significant results were observed in children and adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Brain alterations associated with specific phobia exceeded those of other anxiety disorders in comparable analyses in extent and effect siz …
All findings were driven by adult participants; no significant results were observed in children and adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: …