Prospective study using anterior approach did not show association between Modic 1 changes and low grade infection in lumbar spine.
Eur Spine J. 2016 Apr;25(4):1000-5. doi: 10.1007/s00586-016-4396-5. Epub 2016 Jan 27.
Eur Spine J. 2016.
PMID: 26818032