A high-G+C-content, Gram-positive bacterium, strain D10(T), was isolated from the root of Oroxylum indicum, a Chinese medicinal plant. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain D10(T) was a member of the genus Pseudonocardia and was most closely related, albeit loosely, to Pseudonocardia halophobica. Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics support the affiliation of strain D10(T) to the genus Pseudonocardia. Results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain D10(T) from related Pseudonocardia species. Strain D10(T) (=CGMCC 4.3143(T)=DSM 44984(T)) therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Pseudonocardia oroxyli sp. nov. is proposed.