Monocular estimate method retinoscopy: central tendency measures and relationship to refractive status and heterophoria

Optom Vis Sci. 2002 Nov;79(11):708-14. doi: 10.1097/00006324-200211000-00008.

Abstract

Background: Monocular estimate (estimation) method (MEM) is a widely used clinical test of accommodative response. Normative data for MEM are available based on the central tendency measures from a population of schoolchildren but not a clinical population. Also, the relationship of accommodative response to refractive status and heterophoria has been researched, but not with MEM as the determinant of the manifestation of accommodative response.

Methods: A group of 211 pre-presbyopic clinical subjects were tested with MEM for purposes of comparing the central tendency measures of a clinical population to established normative data and determining whether MEM varied with refractive status or near phoria.

Results: A lag of about one-third diopter was the mean MEM result for this clinical population. The median was +0.25 D. Myopia and near esophoria have a statistically significant relationship to MEM.

Conclusions: The central tendency measures derived from MEM administered to this population replicate the central tendency measures found in a previous normative study. This study provides preliminary evidence that the difference between accommodative response and accommodative stimulus, as measured by MEM, may be influenced by myopia and esophoria.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Accommodation, Ocular*
  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Child
  • Esotropia / pathology
  • Esotropia / physiopathology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Myopia / pathology
  • Myopia / physiopathology
  • Ophthalmoscopy / methods*
  • Refraction, Ocular*
  • Retina / pathology*
  • Strabismus / pathology
  • Strabismus / physiopathology*
  • Vision, Monocular*