Understanding the natural history of papillary thyroid cancer: Case series

Head Neck. 2019 Dec;41(12):4164-4170. doi: 10.1002/hed.25967. Epub 2019 Oct 4.

Abstract

Background: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) incidence continues to rise. We describe the natural history of untreated PTC patients.

Methods: Retrospective case series of 31 untreated PTC patients.

Results: We identified 31 untreated patients from the Kaiser Permanente Cancer Registry with PTC from 1973 to 2010. Patients were categorized as low risk (n = 16), high risk (n = 12), or low risk but medically contraindicated for surgery (n = 3). At diagnosis, 7 (58.3%) in the high-risk group had cervical lymph node metastases and 5 (41.7%) had distant metastases, compared to none in the low-risk group. Among the latter, three (18.8%) patients developed tumor growth >3 mm and one (6.3%) developed regional lymph node metastases without distant metastases. The 10-year overall survival was 71% and 35% for the low-risk and high-risk groups, respectively.

Conclusions: Patients with low-risk untreated PTC were less likely to develop new regional or distant metastases and had better overall survival than patients with high-risk untreated PTC.

Level of evidence: 4.

Keywords: carcinoma; endocrine; papillary; surveillance; thyroid.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Lymph Nodes / pathology
  • Lymphatic Metastasis / pathology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Survival Rate
  • Thyroid Cancer, Papillary / epidemiology*
  • Thyroid Cancer, Papillary / mortality
  • Thyroid Cancer, Papillary / pathology
  • Thyroid Cancer, Papillary / therapy*
  • Thyroid Neoplasms / epidemiology*
  • Thyroid Neoplasms / mortality
  • Thyroid Neoplasms / pathology
  • Thyroid Neoplasms / therapy*
  • Watchful Waiting