Although only 10% of neonates born in the United States require resuscitation, availability of well trained personnel skilled in neonatal resuscitation can result in a significant decline in neonatal morbidity and mortality. One important aspect of performing a successful resuscitation is having a good understanding of the complex dynamics of fetal/neonatal physiology and the adaptations that must be made to transition to extrauterine life. This knowledge will allow one to better serve the resuscitative needs of the neonate. Performing a risk assessment by evaluating maternal and fetal risk factors is important. Review of medical history including medications, may reveal other medical conditions (e.g. gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, etc.). Once the need for resuscitation is recognized, easy access to equipment, medication and supplies can result in a successful resuscitative effort.