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Maternal Smoking, Alcohol, and Caffeine Exposures and Risk of Hypospadias.
Carmichael SL, Ma C, Shaw GM; National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Carmichael SL, et al. Birth Defects Res. 2017 Aug 15;109(14):1127-1133. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.1044. Epub 2017 Jun 21. Birth Defects Res. 2017. PMID: 28635116
BACKGROUND: We examined the association of hypospadias risk with maternal smoking and consumption of alcohol and caffeine. ...CONCLUSION: Maternal exposure to cigarette smoke was associated with reduced risk, a …
BACKGROUND: We examined the association of hypospadias risk with maternal smoking and consumption of alcohol …
Lifestyle in Pregnancy and Hypospadias in Sons: A Study of 85,923 Mother-Son Pairs from Two Danish Pregnancy Cohorts.
Kjersgaard CL, Arendt LH, Ernst A, Søndergaard Lindhard M, Olsen J, Henriksen TB, Strandberg-Larsen K, Ramlau-Hansen CH. Kjersgaard CL, et al. Clin Epidemiol. 2022 Feb 9;14:149-157. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S335877. eCollection 2022. Clin Epidemiol. 2022. PMID: 35173488 Free PMC article.
It remains controversial whether maternal lifestyle during pregnancy may affects the risk of having a son with hypospadias, especially for smoking with many suggesting lower risk. We assessed the individual and joint associations between mate …
It remains controversial whether maternal lifestyle during pregnancy may affects the risk of having a son with hypospadias …