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Amebic encephalitis and meningoencephalitis: an update on epidemiology, diagnostic methods, and treatment.
Haston JC, Cope JR. Haston JC, et al. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2023 Jun 1;36(3):186-191. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000923. Epub 2023 Apr 10. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2023. PMID: 37093056 Free PMC article. Review.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Free-living amebae (FLA) including Naegleria fowleri , Balamuthia mandrillaris , and Acanthamoeba species can cause rare, yet severe infections that are nearly always fatal. This review describes recent developments in epidemiology, diagnos …
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Free-living amebae (FLA) including Naegleria fowleri , Balamuthia mandrillaris , and Acanthamoeba species c …
Estimation of Undiagnosed Naegleria fowleri Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis, United States(1).
Matanock A, Mehal JM, Liu L, Blau DM, Cope JR. Matanock A, et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018 Jan;24(1):162-164. doi: 10.3201/eid2401.170545. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018. PMID: 29260676 Free PMC article.
We used epidemiologic risk factors and multiple cause-of-death mortality data to estimate the number of deaths that fit the typical pattern for primary amebic meningoencephalitis; we estimated an annual average of 16 deaths (8 male, 8 female) in the United States... …
We used epidemiologic risk factors and multiple cause-of-death mortality data to estimate the number of deaths that fit the typical pattern …
Is Naegleria fowleri an Emerging Parasite?
Maciver SK, Piñero JE, Lorenzo-Morales J. Maciver SK, et al. Trends Parasitol. 2020 Jan;36(1):19-28. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.10.008. Epub 2019 Nov 18. Trends Parasitol. 2020. PMID: 31744676 Review.
Naegleria fowleri causes an uncommon but deadly disease called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). ...Although water is the dominant route of transmission of PAM, infection through soil/dust is a possible alternative route. We have observed differences in
Naegleria fowleri causes an uncommon but deadly disease called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). ...Although water is
Laboratory Diagnosis of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis.
Rojo JU, Rajendran R, Salazar JH. Rojo JU, et al. Lab Med. 2023 Sep 5;54(5):e124-e132. doi: 10.1093/labmed/lmac158. Lab Med. 2023. PMID: 36638160 Free article. Review.
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a fulminant fatal human disease caused by the free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri. Infection occurs after inhalation of water containing the amoeba, typically after swimming in bodies of warm freshwater. ...The incidence …
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a fulminant fatal human disease caused by the free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri
Global Review on Naegleria fowleri Cases: Contemporary Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Outcomes.
Sarantopoulos A, Quattrocchi A, Kopsidas I, Cornely OA, Seidel D, Grotto I, Pana ZD. Sarantopoulos A, et al. Infect Dis Rep. 2026 Mar 24;18(2):25. doi: 10.3390/idr18020025. Infect Dis Rep. 2026. PMID: 42042314 Free PMC article. Review.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rare, fulminant, and often fatal central nervous system infection caused by the opportunistic free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri. Although Naegleria species are widely present in freshwat …
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rare, fulminant, and often fatal central nervous system infection caus …
Epidemiology of free-living ameba infections.
Visvesvara GS, Stehr-Green JK. Visvesvara GS, et al. J Protozool. 1990 Jul-Aug;37(4):25S-33S. doi: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1990.tb01142.x. J Protozool. 1990. PMID: 2258827 Review.
A majority (144) of these cases have been due to Naegleria fowleri which causes an acute, fulminating disease, primary amebic meningoencephalitis. ...These observations, together with the fact that Acanthamoeba spp., Naegleria fowleri, and Hartmannella …
A majority (144) of these cases have been due to Naegleria fowleri which causes an acute, fulminating disease, primary amebic …
Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis Caused by Naegleria fowleri: A Global Review.
Gharpure R, Bliton J, Goodman A, Ali IKM, Yoder J, Cope JR. Gharpure R, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Jul 1;73(1):e19-e27. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa520. Clin Infect Dis. 2021. PMID: 32369575 Free PMC article.
BACKGROUND: Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rapidly progressive and often fatal condition caused by the free-living ameba Naegleria fowleri. To estimate the global occurrence, characterize the epidemiology, and describe the clinical features of …
BACKGROUND: Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rapidly progressive and often fatal condition caused by the free-living ameba N
Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis: What Have We Learned in the Last 5 Years?
Cope JR, Ali IK. Cope JR, et al. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2016 Sep;18(10):31. doi: 10.1007/s11908-016-0539-4. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2016. PMID: 27614893 Free PMC article. Review.
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a devastating infection of the brain caused by the thermophilic free-living ameba, Naegleria fowleri. Infection can occur when water containing the ameba enters the body through the nose, usually during recreational water …
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a devastating infection of the brain caused by the thermophilic free-living ameba, Naegleria
Occurrence of Naegleria fowleri and their implication for health - a look under the One Health approaches.
Leal Dos Santos D, Chaúque BJM, Virginio VG, Cossa VC, Pettan-Brewer C, Schrekker HS, Rott MB. Leal Dos Santos D, et al. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2022 Sep;246:114053. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114053. Epub 2022 Oct 26. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2022. PMID: 36308781 Review.
The objective of this review was to collect data about the occurrence and dispersion of Naegleria fowleri, an amphizoic free-living amoeba, and its implications for health approaches through the One Health concept. N. fowleri is an opportunistic amoeba, bette …
The objective of this review was to collect data about the occurrence and dispersion of Naegleria fowleri, an amphizoic free-l …
Seroprevalence of Naegleria fowleri in the Houston-Galveston Texas Population.
Rojo JU, Rajendran R, Nyangau EM, Castellanos-Gonzalez A, Salazar JH. Rojo JU, et al. Parasitol Res. 2024 Dec 27;123(12):421. doi: 10.1007/s00436-024-08443-3. Parasitol Res. 2024. PMID: 39729228
Naegleria fowleri is a free-living amoeba and the causative agent of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), a rare yet almost always fatal disease that primarily affects children. While only 431 PAM cases have been reported worldwide, the southern states o
Naegleria fowleri is a free-living amoeba and the causative agent of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), a rare yet almo
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