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Risk assessment for the amino acids taurine, L-glutamine and L-arginine.
Shao A, Hathcock JN. Shao A, et al. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2008 Apr;50(3):376-99. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.01.004. Epub 2008 Jan 26. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2008. PMID: 18325648 Review.
The increased consumer awareness and use of these amino acids as ingredients in dietary supplements and functional foods warrant a comprehensive review of their safety through quantitative risk assessment, and identification of a potential safe upper level of intake …
The increased consumer awareness and use of these amino acids as ingredients in dietary supplements and functional foods warrant a co …
Risk assessment for the carotenoids lutein and lycopene.
Shao A, Hathcock JN. Shao A, et al. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2006 Aug;45(3):289-98. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.05.007. Epub 2006 Jun 30. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2006. PMID: 16814439 Review.
A large body of human and animal research suggests that oral forms of these carotenoids may provide benefits in the areas of eye, prostate, skin and cardiovascular health. The increased awareness and use of these ingredients in dietary supplements warrants a compreh …
A large body of human and animal research suggests that oral forms of these carotenoids may provide benefits in the areas of eye, pro …
The safety of green tea and green tea extract consumption in adults - Results of a systematic review.
Hu J, Webster D, Cao J, Shao A. Hu J, et al. Among authors: shao a. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2018 Jun;95:412-433. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.03.019. Epub 2018 Mar 24. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2018. PMID: 29580974 Review.
A review of adverse event (AE) data from 159 human intervention studies yielded findings consistent with toxicological evidence in that a limited range of concentrated, catechin-rich green tea preparations resulted in hepatic AEs in a dose-dependent manner wh …
A review of adverse event (AE) data from 159 human intervention studies yielded findings consistent with toxicological evidence in th …
Bioactive nutrients - Time for tolerable upper intake levels to address safety.
Yates AA, Erdman JW Jr, Shao A, Dolan LC, Griffiths JC. Yates AA, et al. Among authors: shao a. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2017 Mar;84:94-101. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.01.002. Epub 2017 Jan 18. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2017. PMID: 28110066 Review.
There is increasing interest by consumers, researchers, and regulators into the roles that certain bioactive compounds, derived from plants and other natural sources, can play in health maintenance and promotion, and even prolonging a productive quality of life. Research h …
There is increasing interest by consumers, researchers, and regulators into the roles that certain bioactive compounds, derived from plants …
An industry perspective: dietary supplements and mortality rates in older women.
Wallace TC, MacKay D, Ritz BW, McBurney M, Shao A, Miller J, Brooks J, Hendricks L. Wallace TC, et al. Among authors: shao a. J Diet Suppl. 2013 Jun;10(2):85-92. doi: 10.3109/19390211.2013.783661. Epub 2013 May 16. J Diet Suppl. 2013. PMID: 23679573
This special article seeks to provide balance and clarity to the confusion brought about by the conclusions resulting from a recent study published in Archives of Internal Medicine by Mursu et al. (2011). An examination of three key limitations of the study provides contex …
This special article seeks to provide balance and clarity to the confusion brought about by the conclusions resulting from a recent s …
Expanded approach to tolerable upper intake guidelines for nutrients and bioactive substances.
Hathcock JN, Shao A. Hathcock JN, et al. Among authors: shao a. J Nutr. 2008 Oct;138(10):1992S-1995S. doi: 10.1093/jn/138.10.1992S. J Nutr. 2008. PMID: 18806113
The original tolerable upper intake level (UL) method greatly improved the application of risk assessment to the evaluation of nutrient safety for humans, but a UL is only set where the data establish a hazard resulting from high intakes. ...More recently, a …
The original tolerable upper intake level (UL) method greatly improved the application of risk assessment to the evaluation of nutrient safe …
Risk assessment for vitamin D.
Hathcock JN, Shao A, Vieth R, Heaney R. Hathcock JN, et al. Among authors: shao a. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Jan;85(1):6-18. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/85.1.6. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007. PMID: 17209171 Review.
The intakes associated with those benefits suggest a need for levels of supplementation, food fortification, or both that are higher than current levels. ...Human clinical trial data published subsequent to the establishment of the FNB vitamin D UL published in 1997 suppor …
The intakes associated with those benefits suggest a need for levels of supplementation, food fortification, or both that are higher …
Risk assessment for glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate.
Hathcock JN, Shao A. Hathcock JN, et al. Among authors: shao a. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2007 Feb;47(1):78-83. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.07.004. Epub 2006 Aug 30. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2007. PMID: 16942821 Review.
The increased awareness and use of these ingredients in dietary supplements warrant a comprehensive review of their safety. Systematic evaluation of the research designs and data do not provide a basis for risk assessment and the usual safe upper level of intake (UL …
The increased awareness and use of these ingredients in dietary supplements warrant a comprehensive review of their safety. Systemati …
Risk assessment for carnitine.
Hathcock JN, Shao A. Hathcock JN, et al. Among authors: shao a. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2006 Oct;46(1):23-8. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.06.007. Epub 2006 Aug 9. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2006. PMID: 16901595 Review.
Carnitine is a conditionally essential amino acid-like compound involved in the transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria during the beta-oxidation process. ...A number of clinical trials have been conducted examining the effect of carnitine suppleme …
Carnitine is a conditionally essential amino acid-like compound involved in the transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochon …
Risk assessment for creatine monohydrate.
Shao A, Hathcock JN. Shao A, et al. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2006 Aug;45(3):242-51. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.05.005. Epub 2006 Jun 30. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2006. PMID: 16814437 Review.
A large body of human and animal research suggests that creatine does have a consistent ergogenic effect, particularly with exercises or activities requiring high intensity short bursts of energy. ...Although much higher levels have been tested under acute condition …
A large body of human and animal research suggests that creatine does have a consistent ergogenic effect, particularly with ex …
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