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Table representation of search results timeline featuring number of search results per year.

Year Number of Results
1953 1
1971 1
1972 1
1973 1
1974 2
1975 3
1977 1
1978 1
1979 1
1981 1
1982 1
1983 1
1984 1
1985 3
1986 5
1987 5
1988 2
1989 3
1990 8
1991 15
1992 10
1993 12
1994 17
1995 15
1996 8
1997 13
1998 20
1999 26
2000 26
2001 24
2002 23
2003 37
2004 45
2005 27
2006 44
2007 35
2008 47
2009 53
2010 58
2011 35
2012 44
2013 47
2014 37
2015 28
2016 43
2017 75
2018 119
2019 69
2020 49
2021 43
2022 28
2023 23
2024 89
2025 47

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1,279 results

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Page 1
The ethics and economics of pharmaceutical pricing.
Parker-Lue S, Santoro M, Koski G. Parker-Lue S, et al. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2015;55:191-206. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010814-124649. Epub 2014 Aug 13. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2015. PMID: 25149920 Review.
The cost of drugs is a major and rapidly rising component of health-care expenditures. We survey recent literature on the ethics and economics of skyrocketing pharmaceutical prices and find that advances in economic research have increase …
The cost of drugs is a major and rapidly rising component of health-care expenditures. We survey recent literature on the ethics
Medical ethics, research and the pharmaceutical industry.
Abud-Mendoza C. Abud-Mendoza C. Reumatol Clin. 2012 Sep-Oct;8(5):233-5. doi: 10.1016/j.reuma.2011.12.010. Epub 2012 May 17. Reumatol Clin. 2012. PMID: 22608694 Free article. No abstract available.
Disease mongering.
Shankar PR, Subish P. Shankar PR, et al. Singapore Med J. 2007 Apr;48(4):275-80. Singapore Med J. 2007. PMID: 17384871 Free article. Review.
Fairness creams and traditional medicines are also widely used. The cost of disease mongering to the individual and the community is expected to be high. ...Doctors will play a key role in combating disease mongering. Disentanglement from the pharmaceutical industry …
Fairness creams and traditional medicines are also widely used. The cost of disease mongering to the individual and the community is …
Alternative Medicine and the Ethics Of Commerce.
Macdonald C, Gavura S. Macdonald C, et al. Bioethics. 2016 Feb;30(2):77-84. doi: 10.1111/bioe.12226. Bioethics. 2016. PMID: 26806450
Is it ethical to market complementary and alternative medicines? Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) are medical products and services outside the mainstream of medical practice. ...This article aims instead to consider CAM from the perspective of commercial e
Is it ethical to market complementary and alternative medicines? Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) are medical products a …
Medicines Information and the Regulation of the Promotion of Pharmaceuticals.
Leonardo Alves T, Lexchin J, Mintzes B. Leonardo Alves T, et al. Sci Eng Ethics. 2019 Aug;25(4):1167-1192. doi: 10.1007/s11948-018-0041-5. Epub 2018 May 2. Sci Eng Ethics. 2019. PMID: 29721844 Free PMC article.
This review examines how the promotion of pharmaceuticals directly affects the prescribing and use of medicines. We define promotion broadly as all actions taken directly by pharmaceutical companies with the aim of enhancing product sales. We look in greater detail …
This review examines how the promotion of pharmaceuticals directly affects the prescribing and use of medicines. We define promotion …
Pharmaceutical patenting and the transformation of American medical ethics.
Gabriel JM. Gabriel JM. Br J Hist Sci. 2016 Dec;49(4):577-600. doi: 10.1017/S0007087416001138. Epub 2016 Nov 24. Br J Hist Sci. 2016. PMID: 27881189
The attitudes of physicians and drug manufacturers in the US toward patenting pharmaceuticals changed dramatically from the mid-nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth. ...Shifts in wider patenting cultures therefore transformed the ethical sensibilities of physicia …
The attitudes of physicians and drug manufacturers in the US toward patenting pharmaceuticals changed dramatically from the mid-ninet …
Origins of the Crisis in Insulin Affordability and Practical Advice for Clinicians on Using Human Insulin.
Luo J, Gellad WF. Luo J, et al. Curr Diab Rep. 2020 Jan 29;20(1):2. doi: 10.1007/s11892-020-1286-3. Curr Diab Rep. 2020. PMID: 31997036 Free PMC article. Review.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: High insulin prices and cost-related insulin underuse are increasingly common and vexing problems for healthcare providers. ...However, it is also important to support initiatives to advocate for affordable pricing for insulin for patients …
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: High insulin prices and cost-related insulin underuse are increasingly common and vexing problems for healt …
What are the obligations of pharmaceutical companies in a global health emergency?
Emanuel EJ, Buchanan A, Chan SY, Fabre C, Halliday D, Heath J, Herzog L, Leland RJ, McCoy MS, Norheim OF, Saenz C, Schaefer GO, Tan KC, Wellman CH, Wolff J, Persad G. Emanuel EJ, et al. Lancet. 2021 Sep 11;398(10304):1015-1020. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01378-7. Epub 2021 Aug 6. Lancet. 2021. PMID: 34364412 Free PMC article. Review. No abstract available.
The ethics of 'fail first': guidelines and practical scenarios for step therapy coverage policies.
Nayak RK, Pearson SD. Nayak RK, et al. Health Aff (Millwood). 2014 Oct;33(10):1779-85. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0516. Health Aff (Millwood). 2014. PMID: 25288422
In an effort to control health costs, payers are increasingly turning to step therapy (or "fail first") policies in pharmacy benefit design. These policies restrict coverage of expensive therapies unless patients have already failed treatment with a lower-cost alter …
In an effort to control health costs, payers are increasingly turning to step therapy (or "fail first") policies in pharmacy benefit …
The Future of the Pharmaceutical Industry: Beyond Government-Granted Monopolies.
Baker D. Baker D. J Law Med Ethics. 2021;49(1):25-29. doi: 10.1017/jme.2021.5. J Law Med Ethics. 2021. PMID: 33966644
Just as tariffs lead to economic distortions and provide incentives for corruption, so do patent monopolies on prescription drugs, except the impact is often an order of magnitude larger....
Just as tariffs lead to economic distortions and provide incentives for corruption, so do patent monopolies on prescription drugs, ex …
1,279 results