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Year Number of Results
1943 1
1959 1
1972 1
1973 1
1977 1
1979 1
1980 2
1982 3
1983 4
1984 7
1985 1
1986 5
1987 10
1988 11
1989 23
1990 11
1991 15
1992 19
1993 21
1994 17
1995 18
1996 16
1997 17
1998 17
1999 16
2000 25
2001 27
2002 30
2003 15
2004 23
2005 30
2006 22
2007 34
2008 33
2009 37
2010 42
2011 40
2012 42
2013 34
2014 61
2015 72
2016 61
2017 72
2018 81
2019 72
2020 82
2021 27
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Competitive Bodybuilding: Fitness, Pathology, or Both?
Steele IH, Pope HG Jr, Kanayama G. Steele IH, et al. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2019 Jul/Aug;27(4):233-240. doi: 10.1097/HRP.0000000000000211. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2019. PMID: 31219882 Review.
Despite these rigorous demands, competitive bodybuilding is popular, with thousands of competitions performed annually around the world. Although many studies have addressed the psychological features of various sports and the athletes who compete in them, few have examine …
Despite these rigorous demands, competitive bodybuilding is popular, with thousands of competitions performed annually around the wor …
Macronutrient considerations for the sport of bodybuilding.
Lambert CP, Frank LL, Evans WJ. Lambert CP, et al. Sports Med. 2004;34(5):317-27. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200434050-00004. Sports Med. 2004. PMID: 15107010 Review.
Participants in the sport of bodybuilding are judged by appearance rather than performance. In this respect, increased muscle size and definition are critical elements of success. ...For 6-12 weeks prior to competition, body builders attempt to retain muscle mass and reduc …
Participants in the sport of bodybuilding are judged by appearance rather than performance. In this respect, increased muscle size an …
Evidence-based recommendations for natural bodybuilding contest preparation: nutrition and supplementation.
Helms ER, Aragon AA, Fitschen PJ. Helms ER, et al. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2014 May 12;11:20. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-11-20. eCollection 2014. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2014. PMID: 24864135 Free PMC article. Review.
The popularity of natural bodybuilding is increasing; however, evidence-based recommendations for it are lacking. ...Caloric intake should be set at a level that results in bodyweight losses of approximately 0.5 to 1%/wk to maximize muscle retention. Within this caloric in …
The popularity of natural bodybuilding is increasing; however, evidence-based recommendations for it are lacking. ...Caloric intake s …
Bigorexia: bodybuilding and muscle dysmorphia.
Mosley PE. Mosley PE. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2009 May;17(3):191-8. doi: 10.1002/erv.897. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2009. PMID: 18759381
Muscle dysmorphia is an emerging condition that primarily affects male bodybuilders. Such individuals obsess about being inadequately muscular. ...In this essay, I illustrate the features of muscle dysmorphia by employing the first-person account of a male bodybuilder …
Muscle dysmorphia is an emerging condition that primarily affects male bodybuilders. Such individuals obsess about being inadequately …
Recommendations for natural bodybuilding contest preparation: resistance and cardiovascular training.
Helms ER, Fitschen PJ, Aragon AA, Cronin J, Schoenfeld BJ. Helms ER, et al. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2015 Mar;55(3):164-78. Epub 2014 Jul 7. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2015. PMID: 24998610 Review.
Roughly 40-70 reps per muscle group per session should be performed, however higher volume may be appropriate for advanced bodybuilders. Traditional rest intervals of 1-3 minutes are adequate, but longer intervals can be used. ...
Roughly 40-70 reps per muscle group per session should be performed, however higher volume may be appropriate for advanced bodybuilders …
Adverse effects of doping with anabolic androgenic steroids in competitive athletics, recreational sports and bodybuilding.
Vorona E, Nieschlag E. Vorona E, et al. Minerva Endocrinol. 2018 Dec;43(4):476-488. doi: 10.23736/S0391-1977.18.02810-9. Epub 2018 Feb 19. Minerva Endocrinol. 2018. PMID: 29463075 Review.
Despite the fact that sports organizations and legislators have introduced various mechanisms to discourage athletes from using performance and appearance enhancing substances a high percentage of athletes admits to their unabated application. In competitive athletics, bodybui …
Despite the fact that sports organizations and legislators have introduced various mechanisms to discourage athletes from using performance …
Complementary bodybuilding: A potential risk for permanent kidney disease.
El-Reshaid W, El-Reshaid K, Al-Bader S, Ramadan A, Madda JP. El-Reshaid W, et al. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2018 Mar-Apr;29(2):326-331. doi: 10.4103/1319-2442.229269. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2018. PMID: 29657200 Free article.
We report our experience of renal disease associated with bodybuilders who had been on high-protein diet, anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs), and growth hormone (GH) for years. ...Those with interstitial disease had shorter exposure time and earlier presentation and had i …
We report our experience of renal disease associated with bodybuilders who had been on high-protein diet, anabolic androgenic steroid …
Injuries and overuse syndromes in competitive and elite bodybuilding.
Siewe J, Marx G, Knöll P, Eysel P, Zarghooni K, Graf M, Herren C, Sobottke R, Michael J. Siewe J, et al. Int J Sports Med. 2014 Oct;35(11):943-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1367049. Epub 2014 Jun 2. Int J Sports Med. 2014. PMID: 24886919
Participants were recruited from bodybuilding clubs in Germany. 45.1% of athletes reported symptoms while training. The overall injury rate was computed to be 0.12 injuries per bodybuilder per year (0.24 injuries per 1 000 h of bodybuilding). Athletes over 40 …
Participants were recruited from bodybuilding clubs in Germany. 45.1% of athletes reported symptoms while training. The overall injur …
Negative Consequences of Low Energy Availability in Natural Male Bodybuilding: A Review.
Fagerberg P. Fagerberg P. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2018 Jul 1;28(4):385-402. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0332. Epub 2018 May 3. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2018. PMID: 28530498 Review.
The process of contest preparation in bodybuilding includes months of underfeeding, thus increasing the risk of LEA and its negative health consequences. ...A more tempered approach (EA > 25 kcal/kg FFM) might result in less muscle loss among natural male bodybuilder …
The process of contest preparation in bodybuilding includes months of underfeeding, thus increasing the risk of LEA and its negative …
Natural bodybuilding competition preparation and recovery: a 12-month case study.
Rossow LM, Fukuda DH, Fahs CA, Loenneke JP, Stout JR. Rossow LM, et al. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2013 Sep;8(5):582-92. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.8.5.582. Epub 2013 Feb 14. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2013. PMID: 23412685
Bodybuilding is a sport in which competitors are judged on muscular appearance. This case study tracked a drug-free male bodybuilder (age 26-27 y) for the 6 mo before and after a competition. ...
Bodybuilding is a sport in which competitors are judged on muscular appearance. This case study tracked a drug-free male bodybuild …
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