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Diffusion, spread, and migration of botulinum toxin.
Ramirez-Castaneda J, Jankovic J, Comella C, Dashtipour K, Fernandez HH, Mari Z. Ramirez-Castaneda J, et al. Mov Disord. 2013 Nov;28(13):1775-83. doi: 10.1002/mds.25582. Epub 2013 Jul 18. Mov Disord. 2013. PMID: 23868503 Review.
Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is an acetylcholine release inhibitor and a neuromuscular blocking agent used for the treatment of a variety of neurologic and medical conditions. ...Most of the local and remote complications of BoNT injections are thought to be due to unwant …
Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is an acetylcholine release inhibitor and a neuromuscular blocking agent used for the treatment of a va …
Does the Diffusion Profile Differ Between Botulinum Toxin Type a Formulations? Implications for the Management of Post-Stroke Spasticity.
Picelli A, Tamburin S, Di Censo R, Smania N, Filippetti M. Picelli A, et al. Toxins (Basel). 2024 Nov 7;16(11):480. doi: 10.3390/toxins16110480. Toxins (Basel). 2024. PMID: 39591235 Free PMC article.
Instead, the key factors determining botulinum toxin type A diffusion and spread in post-stroke spasticity management are the dose (i.e., the actual amount of 150 kDa neurotoxin protein injected), dilution, and injection volume. Other injection-related …
Instead, the key factors determining botulinum toxin type A diffusion and spread in post-stroke spasticity manag …
In silico multiscale computational modelling of botulinum toxin a diffusion for glabellar wrinkle treatment: Optimizing injection volumes across formulations.
Rahman E, Carruthers JDA, Rao P, Ahmed M, Goodman GJ, Webb WR. Rahman E, et al. Toxicon. 2025 Nov;266:108548. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108548. Epub 2025 Aug 23. Toxicon. 2025. PMID: 40854395
While botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) is a cornerstone in glabellar wrinkle treatment, inconsistencies in clinical outcomes often stem from formulation-dependent diffusion behaviour. ...Contrary to prevailing clinical heuristics, dilution amplifies mechanical spr …
While botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) is a cornerstone in glabellar wrinkle treatment, inconsistencies in clinical outcomes often ste …
Review of Botulinum Toxin Uptake and Novel Theory Regarding Potential Spread Days After Injection.
Siperstein R. Siperstein R. Aesthet Surg J. 2023 Jul 15;43(8):887-892. doi: 10.1093/asj/sjad038. Aesthet Surg J. 2023. PMID: 36848257 Free article.
Although most clinicians agree that diffusion of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) occurs, its extent, timeline, and clinical importance have been debated. A literature search on PubMed (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) was done up to January 15, 2023, which i …
Although most clinicians agree that diffusion of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) occurs, its extent, timeline, and clinical import …
Diffusion of botulinum toxins.
Brodsky MA, Swope DM, Grimes D. Brodsky MA, et al. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2012;2:tre-02-85-417-1. doi: 10.7916/D88W3C1M. Epub 2012 Aug 6. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2012. PMID: 23440162 Free PMC article.
BACKGROUND: It is generally agreed that diffusion of botulinum toxin occurs, but the extent of the spread and its clinical importance are disputed. ...Both animal and human studies show that botulinum toxin products are not interchangeabl …
BACKGROUND: It is generally agreed that diffusion of botulinum toxin occurs, but the extent of the spread and it …
Quantifying the spread of botulinum toxin through muscle fascia.
Shaari CM, George E, Wu BL, Biller HF, Sanders I. Shaari CM, et al. Laryngoscope. 1991 Sep;101(9):960-4. doi: 10.1288/00005537-199109000-00006. Laryngoscope. 1991. PMID: 1886444
Botulinum toxin easily passed through muscle fascia even at subclinical doses. The presence of fascia reduced the spread of botulinum toxin by 23%. These results suggest that spread of botulinum toxin can be prevented only b …
Botulinum toxin easily passed through muscle fascia even at subclinical doses. The presence of fascia reduced the spread …
Botulinum toxin injection, dilution confusion: The impact of toxin diffusion on clinical practice.
Davis T. Davis T. J Pediatr Rehabil Med. 2020;13(2):201-204. doi: 10.3233/PRM-200721. J Pediatr Rehabil Med. 2020. PMID: 32568126 Free article.
Botulinum toxins (BoNT) are a standard of care for spasticity management of children with a variety of neuromuscular (NM) conditions. ...While the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of BoNT are well characterized, there is limited literature on the clinical impact th …
Botulinum toxins (BoNT) are a standard of care for spasticity management of children with a variety of neuromuscular (NM) cond …
Diffusion and short-term efficacy of botulinum toxin A after the addition of hyaluronidase and its possible application for the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis.
Goodman G. Goodman G. Dermatol Surg. 2003 May;29(5):533-8; discussion 538. doi: 10.1046/j.1524-4725.2003.29126.x. Dermatol Surg. 2003. PMID: 12752524
BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin adequately treats hyperkinetic facial lines and hyperhidrosis. Higher doses of botulinum toxin appear to enhance efficacy and longevity possibly through greater evenness of diffusion; however, recurrent treatments wit …
BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin adequately treats hyperkinetic facial lines and hyperhidrosis. Higher doses of botulinum …
Comparison of the spread of three botulinum toxin type A preparations.
Kerscher M, Roll S, Becker A, Wigger-Alberti W. Kerscher M, et al. Arch Dermatol Res. 2012 Mar;304(2):155-61. doi: 10.1007/s00403-011-1179-z. Epub 2011 Oct 15. Arch Dermatol Res. 2012. PMID: 22002325
Botulinum toxins are frequently used in esthetics to improve the appearance of facial wrinkles. ...The aim of this study was to investigate the spread of three approved botulinum toxin type A preparations, with and without complexing proteins, b …
Botulinum toxins are frequently used in esthetics to improve the appearance of facial wrinkles. ...The aim of this study was t …
Botulinum toxin type-A preparations are not the same medications - basic science (Part 1).
Car H, Bogucki A, Bonikowski M, Dec-Ćwiek M, Drużdż A, Koziorowski D, Rudzińska-Bar M, Sarzyńska-Długosz I, Sławek J. Car H, et al. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2021;55(2):133-140. doi: 10.5603/PJNNS.a2021.0027. Epub 2021 Apr 2. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2021. PMID: 33797747 Free article. Review.
Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) formulations are widely used in clinical practice. ...In this review, we provide an update on the studies and compare the molecular structure, mechanisms of action, diffusion and spread, as well as immunogenicity and dose …
Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) formulations are widely used in clinical practice. ...In this review, we provide an update on th …
46 results