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Table representation of search results timeline featuring number of search results per year.

Year Number of Results
1962 1
1970 1
1972 1
1975 5
1976 3
1977 3
1978 1
1979 2
1980 1
1981 2
1983 3
1984 2
1985 3
1986 5
1987 1
1989 3
1990 5
1991 4
1992 3
1993 5
1994 3
1995 8
1996 4
1998 5
1999 7
2000 8
2001 4
2002 4
2003 8
2004 9
2005 6
2006 7
2007 8
2008 6
2009 15
2010 11
2011 8
2012 9
2013 11
2014 14
2015 13
2016 17
2017 18
2018 14
2019 15
2020 14
2021 21
2022 16
2023 24
2024 18
2025 18
2026 2

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364 results

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Page 1
Fetal neurobehavior and consciousness: a systematic review of 4D ultrasound evidence and ethical challenges.
Pramono MBA, Andonotopo W, Bachnas MA, Dewantiningrum J, Sanjaya INH, Sulistyowati S, Stanojevic M, Kurjak A. Pramono MBA, et al. J Perinat Med. 2025 Jul 23;53(9):1145-1158. doi: 10.1515/jpm-2025-0281. Print 2025 Nov 25. J Perinat Med. 2025. PMID: 40693471 Free article.
Four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science) were searched for English-language articles published from 2000 to 2025, using keywords including "fetal behavior," "4D ultrasound," "neurodevelopment," and "consciousness." Studies were included if they involv …
Four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science) were searched for English-language articles published from 2000 to 2025, using keywo …
The emergence of human consciousness: from fetal to neonatal life.
Lagercrantz H, Changeux JP. Lagercrantz H, et al. Pediatr Res. 2009 Mar;65(3):255-60. doi: 10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181973b0d. Pediatr Res. 2009. PMID: 19092726 Review.
A simple definition of consciousness is sensory awareness of the body, the self, and the world. The fetus may be aware of the body, for example by perceiving pain. ...Newborn infants display features characteristic of what may be referred to as basic consciousnes …
A simple definition of consciousness is sensory awareness of the body, the self, and the world. The fetus may be aware of the …
Reconsidering fetal pain.
Derbyshire SW, Bockmann JC. Derbyshire SW, et al. J Med Ethics. 2020 Jan;46(1):3-6. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2019-105701. J Med Ethics. 2020. PMID: 31937669
Fetal pain has long been a contentious issue, in large part because fetal pain is often cited as a reason to restrict access to termination of pregnancy or abortion. We have divergent views regarding the morality of abortion, but have come together to address the ev …
Fetal pain has long been a contentious issue, in large part because fetal pain is often cited as a reason to restrict access t …
Tests for consciousness in humans and beyond.
Bayne T, Seth AK, Massimini M, Shepherd J, Cleeremans A, Fleming SM, Malach R, Mattingley JB, Menon DK, Owen AM, Peters MAK, Razi A, Mudrik L. Bayne T, et al. Trends Cogn Sci. 2024 May;28(5):454-466. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.010. Epub 2024 Mar 13. Trends Cogn Sci. 2024. PMID: 38485576 Free article. Review.
Which systems/organisms are conscious? New tests for consciousness ('C-tests') are urgently needed. There is persisting uncertainty about when consciousness arises in human development, when it is lost due to neurological disorders and brain injury, and how it is di …
Which systems/organisms are conscious? New tests for consciousness ('C-tests') are urgently needed. There is persisting uncertainty a …
Consciousness in the cradle: on the emergence of infant experience.
Bayne T, Frohlich J, Cusack R, Moser J, Naci L. Bayne T, et al. Trends Cogn Sci. 2023 Dec;27(12):1135-1149. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.08.018. Epub 2023 Oct 12. Trends Cogn Sci. 2023. PMID: 37838614 Free PMC article. Review.
Although each of us was once a baby, infant consciousness remains mysterious and there is no received view about when, and in what form, consciousness first emerges. ...Other theorists defend an 'early-onset' account, suggesting that consciousness is likely t …
Although each of us was once a baby, infant consciousness remains mysterious and there is no received view about when, and in what fo …
Fetal Pain in the First Trimester.
Thill B. Thill B. Linacre Q. 2022 Feb;89(1):73-100. doi: 10.1177/00243639211059245. Epub 2021 Dec 6. Linacre Q. 2022. PMID: 35321491 Free PMC article.
Fetal pain perception has important implications for fetal surgery, as well as for abortion. ...As the medical evidence has shifted in acknowledging fetal pain perception prior to viability, there has been a gradual change in the fetal pain debate, fro …
Fetal pain perception has important implications for fetal surgery, as well as for abortion. ...As the medical evidence has sh …
Current status of fetal neurodevelopmental assessment: Four-dimensional ultrasound study.
Hata T. Hata T. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2016 Oct;42(10):1211-1221. doi: 10.1111/jog.13099. Epub 2016 Aug 16. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2016. PMID: 27528188 Review.
In twin pregnancy, 4-D ultrasound facilitates the precise evaluation of inter-twin contact and intra-pair stimulation. New fetal neurobehavioral assessment tests, such as Kurjak's Antenatal Neurodevelopmental Test and the Fetal Observable Movement System, may reflec …
In twin pregnancy, 4-D ultrasound facilitates the precise evaluation of inter-twin contact and intra-pair stimulation. New fetal neur …
Evidences of emerging pain consciousness during prenatal development: a narrative review.
Falsaperla R, Collotta AD, Spatuzza M, Familiari M, Vitaliti G, Ruggieri M. Falsaperla R, et al. Neurol Sci. 2022 Jun;43(6):3523-3532. doi: 10.1007/s10072-022-05968-2. Epub 2022 Mar 4. Neurol Sci. 2022. PMID: 35246816 Free PMC article. Review.
Therefore, the aim of our review was to study the onset of consciousness during the fetal life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was performed in Medline-PubMed database. We included all papers found with the following MeSH words: "consciousness or …
Therefore, the aim of our review was to study the onset of consciousness during the fetal life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A liter …
Anesthesia for fetal operative procedures: A systematic review.
Duci M, Pulvirenti R, Fascetti Leon F, Capolupo I, Veronese P, Gamba P, Tognon C. Duci M, et al. Front Pain Res (Lausanne). 2022 Sep 12;3:935427. doi: 10.3389/fpain.2022.935427. eCollection 2022. Front Pain Res (Lausanne). 2022. PMID: 36246050 Free PMC article. Review.
OBJECTIVE: The anesthetic management of fetal operative procedures (FOP) is a highly debated topic. Literature on fetal pain perception and response to external stimuli is rapidly expanding. Nonetheless, there is no consensus on the fetal consciousness …
OBJECTIVE: The anesthetic management of fetal operative procedures (FOP) is a highly debated topic. Literature on fetal pain p …
364 results