Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation

Search Page

Filters

My Custom Filters

Edit custom filters

Results by year

Table representation of search results timeline featuring number of search results per year.

Year Number of Results
2014 2
2015 6
2016 4
2017 12
2018 12
2019 11
2020 20
2021 23
2022 15
2023 11
2024 14
2025 26
2026 18

Publication date

Text availability

Article attribute

Article type

Additional filters

Article Language

Species

Sex

Age

Other

Search Results

152 results

Results by year

Filters applied: . Clear all
Page 1
The Gut-Kidney Axis in Chronic Kidney Diseases.
Tsuji K, Uchida N, Nakanoh H, Fukushima K, Haraguchi S, Kitamura S, Wada J. Tsuji K, et al. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024 Dec 25;15(1):21. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics15010021. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024. PMID: 39795549 Free PMC article. Review.
The gut-kidney axis represents the complex interactions between the gut microbiota and kidney, which significantly impact the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and overall patient health. In CKD patients, imbalances in the gut microbiota …
The gut-kidney axis represents the complex interactions between the gut microbiota and kidney, which significantly impa …
Microbiome-metabolome reveals the contribution of gut-kidney axis on kidney disease.
Chen YY, Chen DQ, Chen L, Liu JR, Vaziri ND, Guo Y, Zhao YY. Chen YY, et al. J Transl Med. 2019 Jan 3;17(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s12967-018-1756-4. J Transl Med. 2019. PMID: 30602367 Free PMC article. Review.
Disruption of the normal gut microbiota may lead to intestinal dysbiosis, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and bacterial translocation. Excessive uremic toxins are produced as a result of gut microbiota alteration, including indoxyl sulphate …
Disruption of the normal gut microbiota may lead to intestinal dysbiosis, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and bacterial transl …
The Impact of CKD on Uremic Toxins and Gut Microbiota.
Rysz J, Franczyk B, Ławiński J, Olszewski R, Ciałkowska-Rysz A, Gluba-Brzózka A. Rysz J, et al. Toxins (Basel). 2021 Mar 31;13(4):252. doi: 10.3390/toxins13040252. Toxins (Basel). 2021. PMID: 33807343 Free PMC article. Review.
Some disease states, including CKD, are associated with the presence of dysbiosis, which can be defined as an "imbalanced intestinal microbial community with quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition and metabolic activities of the gut microbiota". The …
Some disease states, including CKD, are associated with the presence of dysbiosis, which can be defined as an "imbalanced intestinal microbi …
Altered gut microbiota and gut-derived p-cresyl sulfate serum levels in peritoneal dialysis patients.
Bao M, Zhang P, Guo S, Zou J, Ji J, Ding X, Yu X. Bao M, et al. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022 Sep 27;12:639624. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.639624. eCollection 2022. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022. PMID: 36237423 Free PMC article.
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease. Gut microbiota-derived uremic solutes, indoxyl sulfate (IS), p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) accumulate in PD patients. …
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease. Gut microbiota-derived uremic solutes, …
The Accumulation of Gut Microbiome-derived Indoxyl Sulfate and P-Cresyl Sulfate in Patients With End-stage Renal Disease.
Lin X, Liang W, Li L, Xiong Q, He S, Zhao J, Guo X, Xiang S, Zhang P, Wang H, Ying C, Yao Y, Zuo X. Lin X, et al. J Ren Nutr. 2022 Sep;32(5):578-586. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2021.09.007. Epub 2021 Nov 2. J Ren Nutr. 2022. PMID: 34736844
OBJECTIVES: Indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (pCS) are two important gut microbiota-generated protein-bound uremic toxins. ...The metabolic processes for IS and pCS were compared in these two groups, including gut …
OBJECTIVES: Indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (pCS) are two important gut microbiota …
The gut-kidney axis.
Evenepoel P, Poesen R, Meijers B. Evenepoel P, et al. Pediatr Nephrol. 2017 Nov;32(11):2005-2014. doi: 10.1007/s00467-016-3527-x. Epub 2016 Nov 15. Pediatr Nephrol. 2017. PMID: 27848096 Review.
The host-gut microbiota interaction has been the focus of increasing interest in recent years. ...Indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate, both end-products of protein fermentation, and trimethylamine-N-oxide, an end-product of microb …
The host-gut microbiota interaction has been the focus of increasing interest in recent years. ...Indoxyl sulfate …
Impact of Gut Microbiome Modulation on Uremic Toxin Reduction in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
Cedillo-Flores R, Cuevas-Budhart MA, Cavero-Redondo I, Kappes M, Ávila-Díaz M, Paniagua R. Cedillo-Flores R, et al. Nutrients. 2025 Apr 3;17(7):1247. doi: 10.3390/nu17071247. Nutrients. 2025. PMID: 40219004 Free PMC article.
The interventions positively impacted the gut microbiota composition, leading to reductions in free and total p-Cresyl Sulfate (SUCRA: 72.6% and 66.2, respectively) and indoxyl sulfate (SUCRA: 88.5% and 83.1%). Conclusions: The fin …
The interventions positively impacted the gut microbiota composition, leading to reductions in free and total p-Cres …
Possible Effects of Uremic Toxins p-Cresol, Indoxyl Sulfate, p-Cresyl Sulfate on the Development and Progression of Colon Cancer in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure.
Di Paola R, De A, Izhar R, Abate M, Zappavigna S, Capasso A, Perna AF, La Russa A, Capasso G, Caraglia M, Simeoni M. Di Paola R, et al. Genes (Basel). 2023 Jun 13;14(6):1257. doi: 10.3390/genes14061257. Genes (Basel). 2023. PMID: 37372437 Free PMC article. Review.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) induces several systemic effects, including the accumulation and production of uremic toxins responsible for the activation of various harmful processes. Gut dysbiosis has been widely described in CKD patients, even in the early stages of the d …
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) induces several systemic effects, including the accumulation and production of uremic toxins responsible for th …
Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease.
Tourountzis T, Lioulios G, Fylaktou A, Moysidou E, Papagianni A, Stangou M. Tourountzis T, et al. Life (Basel). 2022 Sep 28;12(10):1513. doi: 10.3390/life12101513. Life (Basel). 2022. PMID: 36294946 Free PMC article. Review.
The gut microbiome is a complex collection of microorganisms with discrete characteristics and activities. ...Therefore, potentially noxious microbial uremic toxins, which have predominantly renal clearance, including p-cresyl sulfate, indoxy …
The gut microbiome is a complex collection of microorganisms with discrete characteristics and activities. ...Therefore, poten …
Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins and Immunity.
Rocchetti MT, Cosola C, Ranieri E, Gesualdo L. Rocchetti MT, et al. Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2325:215-227. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1507-2_15. Methods Mol Biol. 2021. PMID: 34053061 Review.
Protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) are bioactive microbiota metabolites originated exclusively from protein fermentation of the bacterial community resident within the gut microbiota, whose composition and function is profoundly different in the chronic kidn …
Protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) are bioactive microbiota metabolites originated exclusively from protein fermentation of the bact …
152 results