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Table representation of search results timeline featuring number of search results per year.

Year Number of Results
1975 1
1976 1
1977 1
1980 1
1981 1
1984 1
1985 2
1986 5
1987 3
1988 21
1989 57
1990 61
1991 82
1992 80
1993 152
1994 181
1995 225
1996 259
1997 249
1998 296
1999 318
2000 362
2001 430
2002 472
2003 525
2004 614
2005 612
2006 682
2007 653
2008 767
2009 836
2010 870
2011 955
2012 1040
2013 1093
2014 1073
2015 1039
2016 1013
2017 1050
2018 1070
2019 945
2020 964
2021 947
2022 570
2023 507
2024 710
2025 889
2026 491

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20,756 results

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Page 1
The insulin receptor: structure, function, and signaling.
Lee J, Pilch PF. Lee J, et al. Am J Physiol. 1994 Feb;266(2 Pt 1):C319-34. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.1994.266.2.C319. Am J Physiol. 1994. PMID: 8141246 Review.
The insulin receptor is a member of the ligand-activated receptor and tyrosine kinase family of transmembrane signaling proteins that collectively are fundamentally important regulators of cell differentiation, growth, and metabolism. ...We note possib …
The insulin receptor is a member of the ligand-activated receptor and tyrosine kinase family of transmembrane signal …
Insulin receptor signaling in normal and insulin-resistant states.
Boucher J, Kleinridders A, Kahn CR. Boucher J, et al. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2014 Jan 1;6(1):a009191. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a009191. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2014. PMID: 24384568 Free PMC article. Review.
In the wake of the worldwide increase in type-2 diabetes, a major focus of research is understanding the signaling pathways impacting this disease. Insulin signaling regulates glucose, lipid, and energy homeostasis, predominantly via action on liver, skeletal …
In the wake of the worldwide increase in type-2 diabetes, a major focus of research is understanding the signaling pathways impacting …
Tuning insulin receptor signaling using de novo-designed agonists.
Wang X, Cardoso S, Cai K, Venkatesh P, Hung A, Ng M, Hall C, Coventry B, Lee DS, Chowhan R, Gerben S, Li J, An W, Hon M, Gao M, Liao YC, Accili D, Choi E, Bai XC, Baker D. Wang X, et al. Mol Cell. 2025 Nov 6;85(21):4064-4081.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2025.09.020. Epub 2025 Oct 13. Mol Cell. 2025. PMID: 41086805 Free PMC article.
Insulin binding induces conformational changes in the insulin receptor (IR) that activate the intracellular kinase domain and the protein kinase B (AKT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, regulating metabolism and proliferation. ...We ident …
Insulin binding induces conformational changes in the insulin receptor (IR) that activate the intracellular kinase doma …
Insulin Receptor Signaling in Health and Disease.
Baghaie L, Bunsick DA, Szewczuk MR. Baghaie L, et al. Biomolecules. 2023 May 9;13(5):807. doi: 10.3390/biom13050807. Biomolecules. 2023. PMID: 37238677 Free PMC article.
Since the discovery of insulin over 100 years ago, our understanding of the insulin signaling pathway has greatly expanded [...]....
Since the discovery of insulin over 100 years ago, our understanding of the insulin signaling pathway has greatl …
The aetiology and molecular landscape of insulin resistance.
James DE, Stöckli J, Birnbaum MJ. James DE, et al. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2021 Nov;22(11):751-771. doi: 10.1038/s41580-021-00390-6. Epub 2021 Jul 20. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2021. PMID: 34285405 Review.
These extracellular factors perturb the intracellular concentration of a range of intermediates, including ceramide and other lipids, leading to defects in responsiveness of cells to insulin. Such intermediates may cause insulin resistance by inhibiting one or more …
These extracellular factors perturb the intracellular concentration of a range of intermediates, including ceramide and other lipids, leadin …
The crucial role and mechanism of insulin resistance in metabolic disease.
Zhao X, An X, Yang C, Sun W, Ji H, Lian F. Zhao X, et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Mar 28;14:1149239. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1149239. eCollection 2023. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023. PMID: 37056675 Free PMC article.
Insulin resistance (IR) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of metabolism-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, tumors, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and provides the basis for a common understanding of these chronic diseases. ...Mech …
Insulin resistance (IR) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of metabolism-related diseases such as diabetes, hype …
daf-2, an insulin receptor-like gene that regulates longevity and diapause in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Kimura KD, Tissenbaum HA, Liu Y, Ruvkun G. Kimura KD, et al. Science. 1997 Aug 15;277(5328):942-6. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5328.942. Science. 1997. PMID: 9252323
A C. elegans neurosecretory signaling system regulates whether animals enter the reproductive life cycle or arrest development at the long-lived dauer diapause stage. daf-2, a key gene in the genetic pathway that mediates this endocrine signaling, encodes an …
A C. elegans neurosecretory signaling system regulates whether animals enter the reproductive life cycle or arrest development at the …
Rhodopsin-regulated insulin receptor signaling pathway in rod photoreceptor neurons.
Rajala RV, Anderson RE. Rajala RV, et al. Mol Neurobiol. 2010 Aug;42(1):39-47. doi: 10.1007/s12035-010-8130-8. Epub 2010 Apr 21. Mol Neurobiol. 2010. PMID: 20407846 Free PMC article. Review.
We focus mainly on our recently identified regulation of the IR pathway through the G-protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin. Various mutant and knockout proteins of phototransduction cascade have been used to study the light-induced activation of the retinal IR. Our st …
We focus mainly on our recently identified regulation of the IR pathway through the G-protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin. Vari …
Insulin Receptor Isoforms and Insulin Growth Factor-like Receptors: Implications in Cell Signaling, Carcinogenesis, and Chemoresistance.
Galal MA, Alouch SS, Alsultan BS, Dahman H, Alyabis NA, Alammar SA, Aljada A. Galal MA, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Oct 9;24(19):15006. doi: 10.3390/ijms241915006. Int J Mol Sci. 2023. PMID: 37834454 Free PMC article. Review.
This comprehensive review thoroughly explores the intricate involvement of insulin receptor (IR) isoforms and insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGFRs) in the context of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling (IIS) …
This comprehensive review thoroughly explores the intricate involvement of insulin receptor (IR) isoforms and insulin-l …
IGF1 receptor signaling pathways.
Hakuno F, Takahashi SI. Hakuno F, et al. J Mol Endocrinol. 2018 Jul;61(1):T69-T86. doi: 10.1530/JME-17-0311. Epub 2018 Mar 13. J Mol Endocrinol. 2018. PMID: 29535161 Review.
Activated receptor phosphorylates several substrates, including insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) and Src homology collagen (SHC). ...These bindings lead to the activation of downstream signaling pathways, PI 3-kinase pathway and Ras-mitogen-ac …
Activated receptor phosphorylates several substrates, including insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) and Src homology col …
20,756 results
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