Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation

Search Page

Filters

My Custom Filters

Edit custom filters

Results by year

Table representation of search results timeline featuring number of search results per year.

Year Number of Results
1994 1
2000 3
2002 1
2003 5
2004 1
2005 1
2006 2
2007 1
2009 1
2010 3
2011 2
2012 3
2013 3
2014 2
2015 7
2016 2
2017 2
2018 6
2019 6
2020 8
2021 5
2022 3
2023 6
2024 7
2025 4
2026 0

Publication date

Text availability

Article attribute

Article type

Additional filters

Article Language

Species

Sex

Age

Other

Search Results

80 results

Results by year

Filters applied: . Clear all
Page 1
De novo designed proteins neutralize lethal snake venom toxins.
Vázquez Torres S, Benard Valle M, Mackessy SP, Menzies SK, Casewell NR, Ahmadi S, Burlet NJ, Muratspahić E, Sappington I, Overath MD, Rivera-de-Torre E, Ledergerber J, Laustsen AH, Boddum K, Bera AK, Kang A, Brackenbrough E, Cardoso IA, Crittenden EP, Edge RJ, Decarreau J, Ragotte RJ, Pillai AS, Abedi M, Han HL, Gerben SR, Murray A, Skotheim R, Stuart L, Stewart L, Fryer TJA, Jenkins TP, Baker D. Vázquez Torres S, et al. Nature. 2025 Mar;639(8053):225-231. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-08393-x. Epub 2025 Jan 15. Nature. 2025. PMID: 39814879 Free PMC article.
Snakebite envenoming remains a devastating and neglected tropical disease, claiming over 100,000 lives annually and causing severe complications and long-lasting disabilities for many more(1,2). Three-finger toxins (3FTx) are highly toxic components of elapid …
Snakebite envenoming remains a devastating and neglected tropical disease, claiming over 100,000 lives annually and causing severe complicat …
Snake three-finger alpha-neurotoxins and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: molecules, mechanisms and medicine.
Nirthanan S. Nirthanan S. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020 Nov;181:114168. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114168. Epub 2020 Jul 23. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020. PMID: 32710970 Review.
Snake venom three-finger alpha-neurotoxins (alpha-3FNTx) act on postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) to produce skeletal muscle paralysis. ...This review provides an overview of nAChRs and their su …
Snake venom three-finger alpha-neurotoxins (alpha-3FNTx) act on postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ( …
Three-finger alpha-neurotoxins and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, forty years on.
Nirthanan S, Gwee MC. Nirthanan S, et al. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 Jan;94(1):1-17. doi: 10.1254/jphs.94.1. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004. PMID: 14745112 Free article. Review.
The discovery, about forty years ago, of alpha-bungarotoxin, a three-finger alpha-neurotoxin from Bungarus multicinctus venom, enabled the isolation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), making it one of the most thoroughly characterized …
The discovery, about forty years ago, of alpha-bungarotoxin, a three-finger alpha-neurotoxin from Bungarus multicinctus venom, …
Three-finger proteins from snakes and humans acting on nicotinic receptors: Old and new.
Tsetlin VI, Kasheverov IE, Utkin YN. Tsetlin VI, et al. J Neurochem. 2021 Sep;158(6):1223-1235. doi: 10.1111/jnc.15123. Epub 2020 Jul 26. J Neurochem. 2021. PMID: 32648941 Review.
The first toxin to give rise to the three-finger protein (TFP) family was alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-Bgt) from Bungarus multicinctus krait venom. alpha-Bgt was crucial for research on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), and in this Review …
The first toxin to give rise to the three-finger protein (TFP) family was alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-Bgt) from Bungarus …
The three-finger toxin fold: a multifunctional structural scaffold able to modulate cholinergic functions.
Kessler P, Marchot P, Silva M, Servent D. Kessler P, et al. J Neurochem. 2017 Aug;142 Suppl 2:7-18. doi: 10.1111/jnc.13975. Epub 2017 Mar 21. J Neurochem. 2017. PMID: 28326549 Free article. Review.
The number and diversity of receptors, channels, and enzymes identified as targets of three-finger fold toxins is increasing continuously. ...By blocking the activity of the nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors or by inhibitin …
The number and diversity of receptors, channels, and enzymes identified as targets of three-finger fold toxins i …
An Investigation of Three-Finger Toxin-nAChR Interactions through Rosetta Protein Docking.
Gulsevin A, Meiler J. Gulsevin A, et al. Toxins (Basel). 2020 Sep 16;12(9):598. doi: 10.3390/toxins12090598. Toxins (Basel). 2020. PMID: 32947868 Free PMC article.
Three-finger toxins (3FTX) are a group of peptides that affect multiple receptor types. One group of proteins affected by 3FTX are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Structural information on how neurotoxins interact with nAChR is
Three-finger toxins (3FTX) are a group of peptides that affect multiple receptor types. One group of proteins af
Membrane-mediated interaction of non-conventional snake three-finger toxins with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
Shenkarev ZO, Chesnokov YM, Zaigraev MM, Chugunov AO, Kulbatskii DS, Kocharovskaya MV, Paramonov AS, Bychkov ML, Shulepko MA, Nolde DE, Kamyshinsky RA, Yablokov EO, Ivanov AS, Kirpichnikov MP, Lyukmanova EN. Shenkarev ZO, et al. Commun Biol. 2022 Dec 7;5(1):1344. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-04308-6. Commun Biol. 2022. PMID: 36477694 Free PMC article.
Weak toxin from Naja kaouthia venom (WTX) is a non-conventional three-finger neurotoxin, targeting alpha7-nAChR with weak affinity. ...Our study reveals the important role of the membrane for interaction of non-conventional neurotoxins with the nicotinic
Weak toxin from Naja kaouthia venom (WTX) is a non-conventional three-finger neurotoxin, targeting alpha7-nAChR with we …
The Cloning and Characterization of a Three-Finger Toxin Homolog (NXH8) from the Coralsnake Micrurus corallinus That Interacts with Skeletal Muscle Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors.
Roman-Ramos H, Prieto-da-Silva ÁRB, Dellê H, Floriano RS, Dias L, Hyslop S, Schezaro-Ramos R, Servent D, Mourier G, de Oliveira JL, Lemes DE, Costa-Lotufo LV, Oliveira JS, Menezes MC, Markus RP, Ho PL. Roman-Ramos H, et al. Toxins (Basel). 2024 Mar 22;16(4):164. doi: 10.3390/toxins16040164. Toxins (Basel). 2024. PMID: 38668589 Free PMC article.
They are recognized for their highly neurotoxic venom, which is comprised of a wide variety of toxins, including the stable, low-mass toxins known as three-finger toxins (3FTx). Due to difficulties in venom extraction and availability, research …
They are recognized for their highly neurotoxic venom, which is comprised of a wide variety of toxins, including the stable, low-mass …
Three finger toxins of elapids: structure, function, clinical applications and its inhibitors.
Hiremath K, Dodakallanavar J, Sampat GH, Patil VS, Harish DR, Chavan R, Hegde HV, Roy S. Hiremath K, et al. Mol Divers. 2024 Oct;28(5):3409-3426. doi: 10.1007/s11030-023-10734-3. Epub 2023 Sep 25. Mol Divers. 2024. PMID: 37749455 Review.
This review article describes the structure, function, chemical composition, natural inhibitors, and clinical applications of Elapids' Three Finger Toxins (3FTX) using scientific research data. The primary venomous substance belonging to Elapidae is 3FTX, tha …
This review article describes the structure, function, chemical composition, natural inhibitors, and clinical applications of Elapids' Th
Novel Three-Finger Neurotoxins from Naja melanoleuca Cobra Venom Interact with GABA(A) and Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors.
Son L, Kryukova E, Ziganshin R, Andreeva T, Kudryavtsev D, Kasheverov I, Tsetlin V, Utkin Y. Son L, et al. Toxins (Basel). 2021 Feb 20;13(2):164. doi: 10.3390/toxins13020164. Toxins (Basel). 2021. PMID: 33672715 Free PMC article.
Cobra venoms contain three-finger toxins (TFT) including alpha-neurotoxins efficiently binding nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). As shown recently, several TFTs block GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)Rs) with different efficacy, an imp …
Cobra venoms contain three-finger toxins (TFT) including alpha-neurotoxins efficiently binding nicotinic acetylc …
80 results