Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation

Search Page

Filters

My Custom Filters

Edit custom filters

Results by year

Table representation of search results timeline featuring number of search results per year.

Year Number of Results
1948 2
1949 1
1950 1
1956 2
1957 2
1958 1
1960 1
1961 2
1962 1
1963 2
1973 1
1974 2
1975 5
1976 3
1977 2
1979 4
1980 3
1981 9
1982 2
1983 3
1984 3
1985 2
1986 6
1987 1
1988 2
1989 6
1990 3
1991 2
1992 2
1993 4
1994 6
1995 4
1996 2
1997 4
1998 2
1999 2
2000 1
2001 2
2002 5
2003 5
2004 18
2005 32
2006 57
2007 67
2008 77
2009 53
2010 68
2011 84
2012 80
2013 80
2014 49
2015 42
2016 52
2017 57
2018 49
2019 42
2020 22
2021 15
2022 21
2023 15
2024 14
2025 11
2026 6

Publication date

Text availability

Article attribute

Article type

Additional filters

Article Language

Species

Sex

Age

Other

Search Results

936 results

Results by year

Filters applied: . Clear all
Page 1
Tonic Immobility as a Defensive Trauma Response to Rape: Bridging Public Health and Law.
de Heer BA, Jones LC. de Heer BA, et al. Violence Against Women. 2024 Oct;30(12-13):3111-3139. doi: 10.1177/10778012231174347. Epub 2023 May 19. Violence Against Women. 2024. PMID: 37203155
There is widespread scientific evidence that validates tonic immobility (TI) as part of the trauma response in victims of rape, and criminal justice practitioners are increasingly trained in trauma-informed approaches. ...
There is widespread scientific evidence that validates tonic immobility (TI) as part of the trauma response in victims …
Tonic immobility as a survival, adaptive response and as a recovery mechanism.
Carli G, Farabollini F. Carli G, et al. Prog Brain Res. 2022;271(1):305-329. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.02.012. Epub 2022 Mar 3. Prog Brain Res. 2022. PMID: 35397892 Review.
In this conclusive chapter, we review findings giving support to the hypothesis that TI represents an adaptive, survival response to threatening situations. In models of prey-predator interactions, in vertebrates and invertebrates, there are evidence that immobility …
In this conclusive chapter, we review findings giving support to the hypothesis that TI represents an adaptive, survival response to …
Freeze, flight, fight, fright, faint: adaptationist perspectives on the acute stress response spectrum.
Bracha HS. Bracha HS. CNS Spectr. 2004 Sep;9(9):679-85. doi: 10.1017/s1092852900001954. CNS Spectr. 2004. PMID: 15337864 Free article. Review.
This article reviews the existing evolutionary perspectives on the acute stress response habitual faintness and blood-injection-injury type-specific phobia (BIITS phobia). ...Specifically, that fear-induced faintness (eg, fainting following the sight of a syringe, blood, o …
This article reviews the existing evolutionary perspectives on the acute stress response habitual faintness and blood-injection-injur …
Tonic immobility triggered by COVID-19-related trauma is associated with long-term PTSD symptoms.
de Souza Junior S, Monteiro Fabricio Gama C, Menezes Gonçalves R, Lorrany Campos Guerra T, Volchan E, Erthal FS, Mocaiber I, de Paula Antunes David I, Catarina Lima Portugal L, Mendlowicz MV, Berger W, de Oliveira L, Garcia Pereira M. de Souza Junior S, et al. J Anxiety Disord. 2024 Jul;105:102894. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102894. Epub 2024 Jun 24. J Anxiety Disord. 2024. PMID: 38959538
We conducted an online longitudinal survey using the PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5 (PCL-5) and the Tonic Immobility Scale to assess PTSD symptoms and the tonic immobility response, respectively. Multivariate regression models revealed a significa …
We conducted an online longitudinal survey using the PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5 (PCL-5) and the Tonic Immobility Scale to as …
Thanatosis.
Rogers SM, Simpson SJ. Rogers SM, et al. Curr Biol. 2014 Nov 3;24(21):R1031-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.08.051. Epub 2014 Nov 3. Curr Biol. 2014. PMID: 25517363 Free article.
Neurochemical anatomy of dorsal and tonic immobility responses.
Lalonde R, Strazielle C. Lalonde R, et al. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2022 Feb;213:173334. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173334. Epub 2022 Jan 11. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2022. PMID: 35026175 Review.
The dorsal immobility response (DIR) and the tonic immobility response (TIR) are cutaneo-motor reflexes typically triggered when a prey is seized. ...
The dorsal immobility response (DIR) and the tonic immobility response (TIR) are cutaneo-motor reflexes t …
Autonomic correlates of defense responses, including tonic immobility (TI).
Carli G, Farabollini F. Carli G, et al. Prog Brain Res. 2022;271(1):191-228. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.02.009. Epub 2022 Mar 4. Prog Brain Res. 2022. PMID: 35397889
There is however no study reporting heart and respiratory rate, blood pressure and body temperature simultaneously recorded in the same animal in association to different forms of immobility in response to threat: freezing, restraint-sustained immobility and …
There is however no study reporting heart and respiratory rate, blood pressure and body temperature simultaneously recorded in the same anim …
Neurophysiological mechanisms involved in tonic immobility (TI).
Carli G, Farabollini F. Carli G, et al. Prog Brain Res. 2022;271(1):145-166. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.02.006. Epub 2022 Mar 12. Prog Brain Res. 2022. PMID: 35397887
This chapter summarizes the main neurophysiological characteristics of tonic immobility (TI), in many susceptible species of mammals and birds. During TI, cortical EEG shows high voltage slow waves whose amount is affected by events preceding TI induction and is pos …
This chapter summarizes the main neurophysiological characteristics of tonic immobility (TI), in many susceptible species of m …
Tonic immobility is associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms in healthcare professionals exposed to COVID-19-related trauma.
Gama CMF, de Souza Junior S, Gonçalves RM, Santos EDC, Machado AV, Portugal LCL, Passos RBF, Erthal FS, Vilete LMP, Mendlowicz MV, Berger W, Volchan E, de Oliveira L, Pereira MG. Gama CMF, et al. J Anxiety Disord. 2022 Aug;90:102604. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102604. Epub 2022 Jul 11. J Anxiety Disord. 2022. PMID: 35917747 Free PMC article.
An important vulnerability factor for PTSD is the peritraumatic tonic immobility (TI) reaction, an involuntary and reflexive defensive response evoked by an intense and inescapable threat. ...Thus, TI was evoked by pandemic-related traumatic situations and as …
An important vulnerability factor for PTSD is the peritraumatic tonic immobility (TI) reaction, an involuntary and reflexive d …
Peritraumatic tonic immobility predicts a poor response to pharmacological treatment in victims of urban violence with PTSD.
Fiszman A, Mendlowicz MV, Marques-Portella C, Volchan E, Coutinho ES, Souza WF, Rocha V, Lima AA, Salomão FP, Mari JJ, Figueira I. Fiszman A, et al. J Affect Disord. 2008 Apr;107(1-3):193-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2007.07.015. Epub 2007 Aug 27. J Affect Disord. 2008. PMID: 17719650
INTRODUCTION: Tonic immobility is the last defense against predation in animals and is characterized by paralysis and analgesia. ...OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the prevalence of peritraumatic tonic immobility (PTI) in patients with PTSD and investi …
INTRODUCTION: Tonic immobility is the last defense against predation in animals and is characterized by paralysis and analgesi …
936 results