Ionic control of ocular growth and refractive change

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Oct 17;103(42):15663-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0607241103. Epub 2006 Oct 5.

Abstract

The physiological mechanisms underlying the abnormal vitreal and ocular growth and myopic refractive errors induced under conditions of visual form deprivation in many animal species, including humans, are unknown. This study demonstrates, using energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis, a systematic pattern of changes in the elemental distribution of K, Na, and Cl across the entire retina in experimental form deprivation myopia and in the 5 days required for refractive normalization after occluder removal. In our report we link the ionic environment associated with physiological activity of the retina under a translucent occluder to refractive change and describe large but reversible environmentally driven increases in potassium, sodium, and chloride abundances in the neural retina. Our results are consistent with the notion of ionically driven fluid movements as the vector underlying the myopic increase in ocular size. New treatments for myopia, which currently affects nearly half of the human population, may result.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Chickens
  • Chlorides / metabolism*
  • Electron Probe Microanalysis
  • Eye / anatomy & histology
  • Eye / growth & development*
  • Eye / metabolism
  • Form Perception
  • Humans
  • Myopia / metabolism*
  • Myopia / therapy
  • Potassium / metabolism*
  • Refraction, Ocular*
  • Retina / physiology
  • Retina / ultrastructure
  • Sensory Deprivation
  • Sodium / metabolism*

Substances

  • Chlorides
  • Sodium
  • Potassium