Purpose: To report the clinicopathological findings of a Chinese patient with an unusual phenotype of gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy (GDLD) combined with spheroidal degeneration and to detect molecular defect in the tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TACSTD2) gene.
Methods: Extensive physical and ophthalmologic examination of the patient was performed. Initially superficial keratectomy was performed for both eyes. Due to recurrence of the corneal opacity, penetrating keratoplasty for the right eye and deep lamellar keratoplasty for the left eye were performed. The obtained corneal tissues were examined by light microscopy. Molecular genetic analysis consisted of PCR amplification and direct automated sequencing of the complete coding region of TACSTD2.
Results: Slit-lamp biomicroscopy of the patient revealed bilateral band-like corneal opacities composed of brown-yellow, oily appearing droplets at the first visit. Two years after superficial keratectomy, elevated mulberry-like gelatinous lesions companied with brown-yellow droplets in the superficial cornea in both eyes were found. Histological analysis of corneal tissue revealed subepithelial amorphous deposits stained positively with Congo red, typical of GDLD. Meanwhile, eosinophilic globular deposits with irregular peripheral margins and various sizes, which were characteristics of spheroidal degeneration, were found. Sequencing of TACSTD2 from the patient revealed a novel homozygous missense mutation c.354G>C, leading to amino acid substitution Q118H in the patient.
Conclusions: This is the first report indicating a new type of gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy (GDLD) combined with spheroidal degeneration. Molecular analysis demonstrated a novel mutation in TACSTD2, which may expand the spectrum of mutations in TACSTD2.