Building an innovative country is a clear strategy for my country to promote economic, industrial, and social development. Mastering the status quo and late-comer advantages of technological innovation in my country's provinces is an important prerequisite for accurately positioning the innovation mission of each province. This article innovatively uses innovation concentration and innovation potential to measure and analyze the provincial scientific and technological innovation level at the inventory and incremental level. Taking the cross-sectional data of 31 provinces in my country in 2019 as a sample, construct the provincial "innovation potential-innovation concentration" evaluation The index system, through the entropy weight method, determines the weight of each evaluation index, and uses the TOPSIS method to conduct multi-objective evaluation of each province. According to the calculation results of provincial scientific and technological innovation concentration and innovation potential, an in-depth interpretation of the spatial distribution of my country's provincial scientific and technological innovation echelon is carried out. The study found that: the innovation concentration and innovation potential matrix echelon division of my country's provinces is divided into four echelons, namely high innovation. The echelon of drivers with high concentration and high innovation potential, the echelon of followers with high innovation concentration and low innovation potential, the echelon of dark horses with low innovation concentration and high innovation potential, and the echelon of latecomers with low innovation concentration and low innovation potential. Finally, the positioning strategy of the innovation mission of each echelon province is put forward to provide reference and enlightenment for the construction of innovative provinces and the promotion of a scientific and technological power.