Use of Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA for Assessment of Allograft Injury in Kidney Transplant Recipients During the Time of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

Transplant Proc. 2020 Nov;52(9):2592-2595. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.07.013. Epub 2020 Jul 31.

Abstract

Background: Kidney allograft biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis of rejection. Under the current extraordinary circumstances of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in which social distancing is key to limiting the spread of the virus, the model used to provide care to transplant recipients has undergone a very rapid transformation. In the spirit of medical distancing, we have been using the donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) test for screening for rejection.

Methods: This article describes our experience with this approach between March 15th and May 20th, 2020.

Results: This test was obtained for-cause in 23 patients and for monitoring in 9 patients. Normal results aided in forgoing biopsy in 63% of the patients for whom the test was obtained in the outpatient setting. The test is neither 100% sensitive nor specific for rejection; however, when used in combination with the available clinical information, it can be used for determining whether bringing in a transplant recipient into a medical facility is necessary.

Conclusions: In the event COVID-19 becomes a long-term challenge for our community, noninvasive biomarkers such as the dd-cfDNA may become more relevant than ever in enhancing our ability to care for our transplant patients while maximizing the distancing measures.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Allografts / chemistry
  • Betacoronavirus
  • Biomarkers / analysis
  • COVID-19
  • Cell-Free Nucleic Acids / analysis*
  • Coronavirus Infections / prevention & control*
  • Coronavirus Infections / transmission
  • Disease Transmission, Infectious / prevention & control*
  • Female
  • Graft Rejection / diagnosis*
  • Humans
  • Kidney / chemistry
  • Kidney Transplantation / adverse effects*
  • Liquid Biopsy
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pandemics / prevention & control*
  • Pneumonia, Viral / prevention & control*
  • Pneumonia, Viral / transmission
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Transplantation, Homologous

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Cell-Free Nucleic Acids