The main purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of psychological and socio-economic factors on the frequency and characteristics of risk factors for cerebrovascular disease (CVD) among Croatians. A group of 120 war sufferers with signs of post-traumatic stress disorder and adaptation disturbances have been studied, and compared with a control group of 120 persons with no traumatic war experience. The risk factors for CVD were registered using epidemiological, clinical and functional measures, and level of the risk. In a displaced persons group a significant higher rates (p < 0.05) of arterial hypertension (AH), hyperlipidemia and obesity are found, with particularly higher rates of occurrence of AH and hyperlipidemia in younger individuals. Alcoholism was more frequent in the control group. Total risk for stroke was higher in the exposed group. The authors conclude that there is a need for undertaking intensive preventive measures in the risk population exposed to chronic stress and negative socioeconomic life conditions.