Introduction: The aim of this technique was to achieve high concentration of the antibiotic that excedeed the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the microbial load present in the sputum.
Method: To evaluate the bronchiectasis patients with pictures of infectious exacerbations response to the treatment with antibiotic by oral way (roxitromicin 300 mg/day for 21 days) and in cases of failure of this schema the use of antibiotic by inhalatory way (gentamicin 80 mg/2 times day for 21 days), 28 patients were evaluated a special ambulatory, some signs and respiratory symptoms according to the "Cotes modified scale" (sputum, cough, bronchospasm and dyspnea).
Statistical analysis: We used: Kappa concordant test and McNemar test for discordation in the evaluation of the degree of signal and respiratory symptoms, Wilcoxon test for periods without infection, Fisher test for the collaterals effects presented, G of Cochran test for the personal history analysis.
Results: The personal history did not influence the evolution of bronchopulmonary infeccion, the evaluated signs and symptoms had significant improvement except dyspnea that stayed the same in 80% of the cases.
Discussion: The group that had used the antibiotics schema by inhalatory way after oral scheme failure had a significant longer period without bronchopulmonary infection but with superior collateral effects without clinicals repercussions.
Conclusion: The use of inhalatory antibiotic in infectious exacerbations in patients with bronchiectasis was better than the oral way.