Abstract
Helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins are essential factors for lymphocyte development and function. One class of HLH proteins, the E-proteins, regulate many aspects of lymphocyte maturation, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. E-proteins are negatively regulated by another class of HLH proteins known as the Id proteins. The Id proteins function as dominant negative inhibitors of E-proteins by inhibiting their ability to bind DNA. Here we discuss the function and regulation of the Id proteins in lymphocyte development.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Cell Differentiation
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Cell Division
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Cell Lineage
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Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / genetics
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Clonal Deletion
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DNA / metabolism
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DNA-Binding Proteins / deficiency
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DNA-Binding Proteins / genetics
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DNA-Binding Proteins / physiology*
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Female
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Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
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H-Y Antigen / physiology
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Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs
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Hematopoiesis / genetics
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Hematopoiesis / physiology*
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Humans
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Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1
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Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2
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Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins
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Lymphocyte Activation
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Lymphocyte Subsets / cytology*
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Lymphoma / genetics
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MAP Kinase Signaling System
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Male
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Mice
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Mice, Knockout
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Mice, Transgenic
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Models, Biological
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Multigene Family*
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Neoplasm Proteins*
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Protein Kinases / physiology
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Repressor Proteins*
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TCF Transcription Factors
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Transcription Factor 7-Like 1 Protein
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Transcription Factors / deficiency
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Transcription Factors / genetics
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Transcription Factors / physiology*
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Transcription, Genetic
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Transforming Growth Factor beta / physiology
Substances
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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H-Y Antigen
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ID1 protein, human
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ID2 protein, human
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ID4 protein, human
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Idb1 protein, mouse
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Idb2 protein, mouse
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Idb4 protein, mouse
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Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1
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Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2
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Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins
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Neoplasm Proteins
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Repressor Proteins
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TCF Transcription Factors
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TCF7L1 protein, human
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Tcf7l1 protein, mouse
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Transcription Factor 7-Like 1 Protein
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Transcription Factors
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Transforming Growth Factor beta
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ID3 protein, human
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DNA
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Protein Kinases