Abstract
The synapsin family consists of three neuronal-specific phosphoproteins associated with dynamic reorganization of the neuronal cytoskeleton. Synapsin I and II are implicated in axonal and synaptic differentiation, formation and maintenance, whereas the function of synapsin III is not as well defined. We report a significant transcriptional upregulation of all three synapsins (synapsin I, 2.1-fold; synapsin II, 2.6-fold; and synapsin III, 5.5-fold) by retinoic acid-induced differentiation of NTera-2cl.D1 cells, a human paradigm for neuronal differentiation. The observed stronger regulation of synapsin III might be due to still active neurite elongation and a rather early state of presynaptic maturation at the time-point investigated, as synapsin III was previously found to be highly enriched in growth cones and during early synaptic development.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Cell Aggregation / drug effects
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Cell Aggregation / physiology
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Cell Differentiation / drug effects
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Cell Differentiation / physiology*
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Cell Movement / drug effects
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Cell Movement / physiology
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Central Nervous System / cytology
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Central Nervous System / embryology*
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Central Nervous System / metabolism*
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Culture Techniques / methods
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Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / drug effects
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Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / physiology*
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Growth Cones / drug effects
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Growth Cones / metabolism
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Growth Cones / ultrastructure
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Humans
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Models, Biological
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Neural Pathways / cytology
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Neural Pathways / embryology
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Neural Pathways / metabolism
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Neurites / drug effects
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Neurites / metabolism
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Neurites / ultrastructure
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Neurofilament Proteins / drug effects
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Neurofilament Proteins / metabolism
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Neurons / cytology
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Neurons / drug effects
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Neurons / metabolism*
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Neuropeptides / drug effects
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Neuropeptides / metabolism
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Phosphoproteins / drug effects
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Phosphoproteins / metabolism
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Synapses / drug effects
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Synapses / metabolism
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Synapses / ultrastructure
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Synapsins / drug effects
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Synapsins / metabolism*
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Teratocarcinoma
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Tretinoin / pharmacology
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Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Up-Regulation / drug effects
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Up-Regulation / physiology*
Substances
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Neurofilament Proteins
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Neuropeptides
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Phosphoproteins
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SYN3 protein, human
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Synapsins
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neurofilament protein M
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Tretinoin