Background: The efficacy of thoracoscopic radical esophagectomy for cancer of the thoracic esophagus and the learning curve required have yet to be clearly established.
Methods: Eighty treatment-naive patients with esophageal cancer without contiguous spread underwent esophageal mobilization and extensive mediastinal lymphadenectomy through a 5-cm minithoracotomy and four trocar ports. The outcomes in the first 34 patients (group 1) and the last 46 patients (group 2) were compared.
Results: There were no differences in background or clinicopathologic factors between the two groups. The duration of the thoracoscopic procedure and blood loss were less (p <0.0001), the incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection was less (p = 0.0127), and the number of mediastinal nodes retrieved was greater (p = 0.0076) in group 2. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that surgical experience (number of cases performed) predicted the risk of pulmonary infection (p = 0.0331).
Conclusion: Video-assisted thoracoscopic radical esophagectomy can be performed with safety and efficacy comparable to those of open esophagectomy. Morbidity decreases with the surgeon's experience.