Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is a short-lived, polytopic membrane-bound non-heme iron enzyme localized primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum. SCD is required for the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, and plays a key role in hepatic synthesis of triglycerides and very-low-density lipoproteins. The intracellular concentration of SCD fluctuates in a wide range in response to complex and often competing hormonal and dietary factors. A combination of transcriptional regulation and rapid protein degradation produces transient elevations of SCD enzyme activity in response to physiologic demands. Dysregulation of SCD has been implicated in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, and obesity.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / metabolism
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DNA, Complementary / metabolism
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DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
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Endoplasmic Reticulum / metabolism*
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Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / metabolism
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Humans
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Liver / metabolism
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Mice
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Microsomes, Liver / metabolism
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Models, Biological
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Protein Isoforms
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae / metabolism
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Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase / isolation & purification
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Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase / metabolism*
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Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase / physiology*
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Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1
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Tissue Distribution
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Transcription Factors*
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Triglycerides / metabolism
Substances
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CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins
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DNA, Complementary
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
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Protein Isoforms
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SREBF1 protein, human
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Srebf1 protein, mouse
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Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1
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Transcription Factors
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Triglycerides
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Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase