Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary disease of kidney. The renal function is impaired by the development of the cysts. Patients with ADPKD have often affected other organs. Nowadays there is established linkage analysis of ADPKD using microsatellites in Czech Republic. Molecular analysis allows presymptomatic diagnosis in risk-individuals and prenatal diagnosis in affected families. The detection of mutations is performed supporting by the grant in Czech Republic. The detection of mutation will contribute to more precise diagnosis in controversial cases.