Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a cyclic neuropeptide, predominantly expressed in hypothalamus, and recognized as a key regulator in feeding behaviour and energy balance. In this study, we examined the behavioural effects of intracerebroventricularly administered MCH on food intake, anxiety, exploratory behaviour and body core temperature in rats. MCH (0.15-10.0 microg, i.c.v.) acutely increased food intake in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, MCH (0.6-10.0 microg, i.c.v.) produced effects similar to anxiolytics in an animal model of anxiety, Vogel's punished drinking test. Thus, punished drinking episodes were significantly increased. We found no effects of MCH (5.0-20.0 microg, i.c.v.) on locomotor activity either in habituated or non-habituated animals. Furthermore, MCH did not produce any changes in body core temperature. Together, these observations further support a role for MCH as an orexigenic neuropeptide and also suggest anti-anxiety properties for MCH.