Background: Blood pressure (BP) reduction is crucial in reducing cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in the community. Subjects aged 20-65 seldom visit the primary care clinics, so they are unlikely to be detected without an active outreach screening program. The aim of the project was to prepare a professional doctor-nurse screening team, who will instruct those found to be at high risk in control of their risk factors, in order to reduce CV morbidity and mortality.
Methods: During a 10-year period (1980-1990), teams examined 12,202 subjects, (mean age 51 +/- 7 years, range 20-65 years) accounting for 23.4% of the total regional population. High risk subjects underwent an intensive CV risk factor control program.
Results: Subjects (3,506 or 28.6%) were found to have one or more CV risk factors (hypertension, obesity, smoking, hypercholesterolemia). During an average of 2 years, follow-up BP, weight reduction, and smoking cessation remained statistically significant. Total cholesterol was unchanged. Over this period, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) in the area for acute MI fell from 100 to 76 (P < 0.01), for CV disease from 129 to 107 (P < 0.0001), and for hypertension from 121 to 87 (P < 0.1 NS). The project saved many life-years at no additional net cost to society, and cost effectiveness analysis showed positive results.
Conclusions: A community approach with mainly nonpharmacological treatment is feasible and cost effective in reducing CV morbidity and mortality.