The study was carried out on 100 patients over 70 suffering from rectal cancer. The operative death-rate resulted higher in wider resections than in more limited ones, though the former showed a lower incidence of relapse and higher survival rates. Operative death-rate was more strictly related to the presence of cardiorespiratory alterations than to age per se. As a consequence, in Authors' opinion, surgical therapy is not to be completely rejected in old-aged patients; on the contrary it should be discussed according to the patient status. With the increase of the population mean age rectal cancer diagnosis in old patients has become more frequent; nowadays, improvements in anaesthesia and reanimation practice allow a considerable decrease in surgical risks with a corresponding increased possibility of a radical surgical therapy.