Objective: To evaluate the impact of cardiac rehabilitation programs (CRP) on quality of life (QL) and depression at one-year follow-up after acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
Methods: Two hundred and three patients, without previous cardiological follow-up and referred to the outpatient clinic after hospitalization for ACS between 9/1/2001 and 12/31/2002, were randomly allocated to a 12-week, 3-times-a-week CRP or standard cardiology follow-up only, after giving their informed consent. Baseline population characteristics were recorded and, in patients with more than 4 years' education, QL and depression were evaluated during hospitalization and at one-year follow-up by self-reported responses to the SF-36 QL survey and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) respectively. Analysis was by intention-to-treat.
Results: 31 patients randomized to CRP, mean age 56 years (31-80), 84% male (group A) and 95 patients, mean age 58 years (33-86), 83 % male, allocated to standard follow-up (group B), responded to the questionnaires. There were no significant differences between the two groups in any of the variables evaluated by the questionnaires during hospitalization. At one-year evaluation, the average BDI score was lower in the CRP group (8 vs. 11, p = 0.05). The prevalence of depressive symptoms (37.5 vs. 56.1%) or severe depression (3.1% vs. 12.2%) was also lower, in this group, although not significantly. SF-36 found significant differences in the evaluation of Vitality (average 62 points in A vs. 47 in B, p < 0.02) and General Health (57 points in A vs. 46 points in B, p < 0.02); there were no differences in the other parameters evaluated. When the physical and mental health components were analyzed, a significant difference favoring CRP was found in mental health (70.6 vs. 56.9, p = 0.02) but not in physical health (62.9 in A vs. 56.4 in B, NS).
Conclusions: Despite the small sample size, significant differences favorable to CRP after ACS were found. After one-year follow-up, patients referred to CRP have a better BDI score; the Vitality and General Health parameters, as well as the mental health component evaluated by SF-36, are also significantly improved after CRP.