While some studies show a significant advantage in adherence rates with use of atypical versus typical antipsychotic medication, others show no advantage or mixed results (Jones et al. (2006). Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 1079-1087; Rosenheck, (2006). Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 1074-1076). This study examined treatment outcomes and costs associated with adherence rates by antipsychotic medication class for adult Medicaid beneficiaries in Florida diagnosed with schizophrenia. Outcomes examined include arrests, involuntary commitments, and physical and behavioral healthcare costs. Study findings demonstrate that medication adherence for persons with schizophrenia may be as important to treatment costs and benefits as the class of medication used.