In both anesthetized and behaving macaques, we examined the responses of neurons in the inferior temporal cortex (IT) to repeated presentation of a visual stimulus. In anesthetized animals, the responsiveness of IT neurons decreased with repeated stimulus presentation at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 2-12 s but not at 20 s. Responsiveness recovered after a 5-min period of no stimulus presentation. The response decrement was similar in anesthetized and awake animals at a 2-s ISI, but at a 6-s ISI, response decrement in the awake animal was much less.