Antibody evasion by the N terminus of murid herpesvirus-4 glycoprotein B

EMBO J. 2007 Dec 12;26(24):5131-42. doi: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601925. Epub 2007 Nov 22.

Abstract

Herpesviruses characteristically transmit infection from immune hosts. Although their success in escaping neutralization by pre-formed antibody is indisputable, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Glycoprotein B (gB) is the most conserved component of the herpesvirus entry machinery and its N terminus (gB-NT) is a common neutralization target. We used murid herpesvirus-4 to determine how gB-NT contributes to the virus-antibody interaction. Deleting gB-NT had no obvious impact on virus replication, but paradoxically increased virion neutralization by immune sera. This reflected greater antibody access to neutralization epitopes on gH/gL, with which gB was associated. gB-NT itself was variably protected against antibody by O-linked glycans; on virions from epithelial cells it was protected almost completely. gB-NT therefore provides a protective and largely protected cover for a vulnerable part of gH/gL. The conservation of predicted glycosylation sites in other mammalian herpesvirus gB-NTs suggests that this evasion mechanism is widespread. Interestingly, the gB-NT glycans that blocked antibody binding could be targeted for neutralization instead by a lectin, suggesting a means of therapeutic counterattack.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adjuvants, Immunologic / metabolism
  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal / immunology
  • Antigenic Modulation*
  • Cell Line
  • Female
  • Genome, Viral
  • Herpesviridae Infections / immunology*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Mutation
  • Neutralization Tests
  • Plant Lectins / metabolism
  • Polysaccharides / chemistry
  • Polysaccharides / metabolism
  • Rhadinovirus / chemistry
  • Rhadinovirus / genetics
  • Rhadinovirus / metabolism*
  • Sequence Alignment
  • Viral Envelope Proteins / genetics
  • Viral Envelope Proteins / immunology*
  • Virion / genetics
  • Virion / metabolism
  • Virus Replication

Substances

  • Adjuvants, Immunologic
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal
  • Plant Lectins
  • Polysaccharides
  • Viral Envelope Proteins
  • jacalin