There are numerous reports of an increase in refractive errors and amblyogenic factors in the low birth weight population relative to children born at full term. This raises the question of whether additional long term ophthalmic screening is required. The current provision of follow up care for preterm infants in the UK is haphazard and varies in terms of its availability, the type of assessment, age at assessment and age at discharge. This issue needs to be addressed to provide the best care for these children however there are different possible methodologies. One key aspect of a screening programme is the age at testing as this dictates the possible tests used which impacts on the efficacy. However, although the prevalence of strabismus and refractive errors is well documented the development of these conditions is poorly understood so for this and other reasons it is difficult to devise the most effective screening programme.