Experiments on mice showed that a single intraperitoneal administration of anxiolytic afobazole (10 mg/kg) increases the effect of haloperidol in the apomorphine-induced climbing test and does not influence the catalepsy caused by the neuroleptic agent. The daily dose of afobazole 10 mg/kg during a five-day preliminary test reduced the extrapyramidal effects of haloperidole on rats and mice without significant change of the apomorphine-induced climbing test results. The ability of afobazole to reduce extrapyramidal disturbances caused by haloperidol can be related to the agonist effect of afobazole with respect to sigma 1 receptors.